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Anatomy > Blood Lecture > Flashcards

Blood Lecture Flashcards

0
Q

_ is a major body fluid. (_ constitutes 55 percent of all blood)

A

Plasma.

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1
Q

_ is dependent on continual transportation of substances to and from cells.

A

Homeostasis.

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2
Q

_ are the blood cells. (_ constitute 45 percent of all blood.

A

Formed elements.

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3
Q

_ liters in females and _ liters in males.

A

4-5 and 5-6.

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4
Q

1 unit = _ liters.

A

0.5.

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5
Q

Blood volume per pound of body weight varies _ with the amount of excess body fat.

A

Inversely.

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6
Q

The _ method of measuring blood volume is only done in experimental _ and is the _ of all blood.

A

Direct; Animals; Removal.

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7
Q

The _ method of measuring blood is used for _ and is an injection of known amount of bed blood cells tagged with _.

A

Indirect; Humans; Radioisotopes.

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8
Q

_ or packed cell volume is the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood.

A

Hematocrit.

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9
Q

Erythrocytes are _.

A

Red blood cells.

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10
Q

The nucleus is _ in erythrocytes.

A

Absent.

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11
Q

Erythrocytes are shaped like a _.

A

Biconcave disk.

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12
Q

Erythrocytes are _ megameters in diameter.

A

7.5.

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13
Q

Erythrocytes are billed with _.

A

Hemaglobin.

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14
Q

Erythrocytes are a _ plasma membrane.

A

Thin.

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15
Q

_ of blood on average in a human body.

A

52,000,000 mm cubed.

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16
Q

The main function of red blood cells is to transport _ and _.

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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17
Q

There is 200 million to 300 million _ molecules per erythrocyte.

A

Hemaglobin.

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18
Q

There is _ oxygen molecules carried by each hemaglobin molecule.

A

4.

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19
Q

There is an average of _ g/100 ml of blood in the human body.

A

12-16.

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20
Q

_ is less that 10 g/100 ml of hemaglobin in blood.

A

Anemia.

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21
Q

The formation of red blood cells can also be called _.

A

Erythropoiesis.

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22
Q

_ stem cells go through stages to form erythrocytes.

A

Hemopoietic.

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23
Q

Stimulus for increased red blood cell formation is low _ levels in the kidney.

A

Oxygen.

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24
Q

Low oxygen levels cause the release of _.

A

Erythropoietin.

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25
Q

Erythropoietin is produced by the _ and _.

A

Kidney and liver.

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26
Q

Erythropoietin stimulates the _ to produce more red blood cells.

A

Hemocytoblasts.

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27
Q

Erythrocytes last up to _ days.

A

120.

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28
Q

Macrophage cells in the liver and spleen _ the old cells.

A

Phagocytose.

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29
Q

Most components are _.

A

Recycled.

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30
Q

Another word for white blood cells is _.

A

Leukocytes.

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31
Q

_ are granules in cytoplasm and lobed nuclei.

A

Granulocytes.

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32
Q

_ are 70 percent of total white blood cells.

A

Neutrophils.

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33
Q

Neutrophils increase in numbers during _ infections.

A

Acute.

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34
Q

_ are 4 percent of circulating white blood cells.

A

Eosinophils.

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35
Q

Eosinophils increase in number during allergic reactions and parasitic _ infections.

A

Worms.

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36
Q

_ are less that 1 percent of all white blood cells.

A

Basophils.

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37
Q

Basophils increase in numbers during _ reactions and periods of inflammation.

A

Allergic.

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38
Q

_ mean there is no granules in cytoplasm and unlobed nuclei.

A

Agranulocytes.

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39
Q

_ are 25 percent of all white blood cells.

A

Lymphocytes.

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40
Q

The two types of lymphocytes that are important in the immune response are the _ and _ lymphocytes.

A

Thymic and Bursal.

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41
Q

_ lymphocytes are T cells.

A

Thymic.

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42
Q

_ lymphocytes are B cells.

A

Bursal.

43
Q

_ are 3-8 percent of all white blood cells.

A

Monocytes.

44
Q

Monocytes become _ in the tissues.

A

Macrophages.

45
Q

The normal range of white blood cells numbers in the tissues is _ mm cubed.

A

5,000 to 9,000.

46
Q

Hemopoietic stem cells (hemocytoblasts) go through differentiation and then various stages to form each type of _.

A

White blood cell. Or leukocyte.

47
Q

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, and some lymphocytes and monocytes develop in _ tissue.

A

Red marrow.

48
Q

Most lymphocytes and monocytes develop in _ tissue.

A

Lymph.

49
Q

Another word for a platelet is a _.

A

Thrombocyte.

50
Q

Thrombocytes are _ mm cubed.

A

150,000-350,000.

51
Q

Thrombocytes are _ megameters in diameter.

A

2-4.

52
Q

Thrombocytes play a role in _.

A

Clotting.

53
Q

Platelets have two roles: _ and _.

A

Hemostasis and coagulation.

54
Q

Hemostasis is the stoppage of blood flow via platelet _.

A

Plugs.

55
Q

Platelet plugs are formed by platelets _ together.

A

Sticking.

56
Q

Coagulation is the formation of _ clots.

A

Fibrin.

57
Q

Hemopoietic stem cells (hemocytoblasts) form megakaryoblasts, which form _, which form platelets.

A

Megakaryocytes.

59
Q

The average life span of a platelet is _ days.

A

7.

60
Q

blood types are the type of _ present on the RBCs.

A

Agglutenigens.

61
Q

agglutinogens are _.

A

Self antigens.

62
Q

agglutinins are plasma _.

A

Antibodies.

63
Q

reactions between agglutinogens and _ of incompatible blood.

A

agglutinins.

64
Q

causes the RBCs to _ (stick together).

A

agglutinate.

65
Q

in type A, RBC has agglutinogen _.

A

A.

66
Q

in type A, plasma has agglutinin _.

A

Anti B.

67
Q

in type B, RBC has agglutinogen _ and the plasma has agglutinin _.

A

B; Anti A.

68
Q

in type AB RBC has _ agglutinin anti a or anti b.

A

no.

69
Q

in type O RBC has _ agglutininogens A or B and plasma has agglutinin _.

A

no; anti a and anti b.

70
Q

if mother is _ and has been exposed to rh positive blood her blood will have the _ agglutinin in the plasma.

A

Rh negative; Anti Rh.

71
Q

If fetus is _, mother anti Rh agglutinins will pas through the placenta and cause agglutination of fetal RBCs.

A

Rh positive.

72
Q

the condition of mothers having different Rh balances than their babies is called _.

A

Erythroblastosis Fetalis.

73
Q

plasma is _ percent water, _ percent solutes.

A

91; 9.

74
Q

_ such as sodium chloride potassium.

A

electrolytes.

75
Q

_; such as _ (7 percent of plasma), nutrients, , gasses and regulatory substances ().

A

proteins; wastes; hormones.

76
Q

_ is the liquid of the blood without the clotting factors.

A

Serum.

77
Q

Blood clotting is also known as _.

A

Coagulation.

78
Q

extrinsic clotting pathway starts with damaged tissue and ends with production of an enzyme named prothrominase. (_).

A

Prothrombin activator.

79
Q

intristic clotting pathway starts with damaged endothelial cells contracting platelets and ends with production of _.

A

prothrombinase.

80
Q

prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to _.

A

Thrombin.

81
Q

thormbin is an enzyme that converts _ to fibrin for the clot.

A

Fibrinogen.

82
Q

_ endothelium is harder to clot.

A

Smooth.

83
Q

Presence of _ makes it harder to clot.

A

Antithrombin.

84
Q

_ places on endothelium make it easier to clot.

A

Rough.

85
Q

abnormally _ blood flow makes it easier to clot.

A

Slow.

86
Q

clot dissolution is also called _.

A

Fibrinolysis.

87
Q

naturally occurring _ can be activated to form plasmin, which disolves clots.

A

Plasminogen.

88
Q

bacteria produce _ chemicals to enhance their invasion. these include strepto-kinase and t-PA both of which have medical applications.

A

clot dissolving.

89
Q

_ is the loss of total oxygen carrying capacity by the RBC due to either a decrease of hemoglobin or a decrease in RBCs.

A

Anemia.

90
Q

_ anemia occurs when the body slows or stops the formation of new RBCs,

A

Aplastic.

91
Q

_ anemia is a decrease in RBCs due to B12 deficiency.

A

Pernicious.

92
Q

_ deficiency anemia is a dcrease in RBCs due to a folic acid B9 deficiency,

A

Folate

93
Q

acute _ anemia due to hemmorraging.

A

blood loss.

94
Q

anemia of _ disease/ cancer.

A

Chronic.

95
Q

_ deficiency anemia is due to a decrease in hemoglobin.

A

iron.

96
Q

_ anemia is due to a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin.

A

hemolytic.

97
Q

_ anemia has a mutation in the beta chain.

A

sickle cell.

98
Q

_ has mutations in both the alpha and beta chains.

A

Thalassemia.

99
Q

_ is the excess of RBC which can result in the thickening and slowing of blood and an increased risk for blood clots.

A

Polycythemia.

100
Q

_ is under 5000 WBCs.

A

Leukopenia.

101
Q

_ is an abnormally high WBC count that is over 10,000.

A

Leukocytosis.

102
Q

_ and Thrombosis is where the clot stays in place of origin.

A

Thrombus

103
Q

_ and embolism is where the clot dislodges and moves to other parts of the body.

A

Embolus.

104
Q

_ results from the absence of blood clotting factors.

A

Hemophelia.

105
Q

_ results from a decrease in platelet counts.

A

Thrombocytopenia.

Anatomy (9 decks)

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