Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Term 2: Histology > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What hormones are produced by the ovaries?

A
  • estrogen
  • progesteron
  • inhibin
  • relaxin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the germinal epithelium of the ovaries?

A
  • surface epithelium of the ovary

- misnomer, does not give rise to ova

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the tunica albuginea of the ovary?

A

-a connective tissue capsule beneath the epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is contained within the ovarian cortex?

A
  • ovarian follicles

- dense ovarian stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is contained within the ovarian medulla?

A
  • blood vessels
  • lymphatic vessels
  • nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a Graafian Follicle?

A

-a fluid-filled follicle which is ready to expel the oocyte during ovulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the corpus albicans?

A

-a degenerated corpus luteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When, and in response to what hormone, do primordial follicles start growing?

A
  • puberty

- FSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the granulosa like in the various stages of follicle development?

A

Primary unilaminar: -single layer, cuboidal

Primary multilaminar: -multiple layers, cuboidal

Mature Graafian: Corona Radiata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which follicle shows the beginning of a zona pellucida?

A

Primary unilaminar follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What secretes the zona pellucida?

A

-primary oocyte and the granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the function of the zona pellucida?

A

-activate the acrosomes of sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the primary multilaminar follicle.

A
  • multiple granulosa layers
  • zona pellucida fully formed
  • Theca cells organize around basal lamina
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What cells produce estrogen?

A
  • Theca cells

- Granulosa cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the Antral follicle.

A
  • follicular fluid secreted and forms an antrum
  • theca interna and externa cells layers are completed around basal lamina
  • basal lamina now fully formed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the structure of a Graafian Follicle.

A
  • single large antrum
  • oocyte surrounded by corona radiata
  • Cumulus oophorus attaches corona radiata and oocyte to side of follicle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the cumulus oophorus do?

A

-it is a mass of granulosa cells that attaches the corona radiata and oocyte to the side of the follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the three layers of a fallopian tube?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Muscularis
  • Serosa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of epithelium is contained within the mucosa of a fallopian tube?

A

-simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What two cell types are present in the epithelium of the fallopian tube?

A
  • ciliated cells

- secretory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What do ciliated cells of the fallopian tube do?

A
  • proliferate under the influence of estrogen

- aid in transporting the egg down the tube to the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do the secretory cells of the fallopian tube do?

A

-secrete glycoproteins and are nutritive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does GnRH do?

A

-stimulates secretion of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does FSH do?

A
  • initiates follicular growth

- stimulates ovarian follicles to secrete estrogens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What does LH do?

A
  • stimulates further development of ovarian follicles
  • stimulates ovarian follicles to secrete estrogens
  • stimulates thecal cells to produce androgens to be converted to estrogens
  • triggers ovulation
  • promotes formation of the corpus luteum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do estrogens do?

A
  • promote primary and secondary development of female reproductive structures
  • inhibit the release of GnRH, LH, and FSH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does progesterone do?

A
  • prepares and maintains the endometrium for implantation, as well as mammary glands
  • inhibits secretion of GnRH and LH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What does Relaxin do?

A
  • relaxes uterus by inhbiting contraction of myometrium

- increases flexibility of pubic symphisis and dilates uterine cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What does Inhibin do?

A

-inhibits secretion of FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

-endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the two zones of the endometrium?

A
  • stratum functionalis

- stratum basalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What layer of the endometrium contains the majority of the length of the glands of the uterus?

A

-stratum functionalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Where are the straight arteries located in the endometrium?

A

-stratum basalis

34
Q

What arteries extend into and supply the stratum functionalis?

A

-spiral arteries

35
Q

What causes vasoconstriction of the spiral arteries?

A

-a decrease in progesterone levels

36
Q

What happens in the uterus during the menstrual phase?

A

-shedding of the functionalis

37
Q

What happens in the uterus during the proliferative phase?

A

a buildup of functionalis with growth of glands and stroma.

-elongation of the spiral arteries

38
Q

What happens in the uterus during the secretory phase?

A
  • fructose and glycogen is secreted from uterine glands
  • Glands and arteries become tortuous
  • Endometrium reaches maximum thickness
39
Q

What happens in the uterus during the ischemic/premenstrual phase?

A
  • results from vasoconstriction of the spiral arteries
  • occurs if implantation has not happened 8-10 days post ovulation
  • local hypoxia causes an influx of leukocytes
40
Q

What are the phases of the menstrual cycle, in order?

A
  • menstrual phase
  • proliferative phase
  • secretory phase
  • ischmic/premenstrual phase
41
Q

What type of epithelium is present at the exo/ectocervix?

A

-stratified, non-keratinized squamous epithelium

42
Q

What type of epithelium is present at the endocervix?

A

-simple columnar eptithelium

43
Q

What lies between the exocervix and endocervix?

A

-the transformation zone

44
Q

What forms Nabothian cysts?

A

-endocervical glands

45
Q

What do the endocervical glands secrete?

A
  • GAGs
  • Glycoproteins
  • IgA
  • Lactoferrin
  • Lysozymes
46
Q

What type of epithelium is in the vagina?

A

-stratified, non-keratinized squamous epithelium

47
Q

What leads to the low pH in the vaginal canal?

A
  • mucosa secretes glycogen in response to estrogen

- normal vaginal flora convert glycogen to lactic acid

48
Q

Where are Bartholin’s located, and what is their role?

A
  • located on either side of the vaginal opening

- secrete a fluid that lubricates the vagina

49
Q

What connects milk secreting glands to the opening at the nipple?

A

-lactiferous ducts

50
Q

What structure is present just before the lactiferous duct opens into the nipple?

A

-lactiferous sinus

51
Q

What epithelium lines the mammary duct system?

A

-simple to stratified cuboidal epithelium with an outer layer of contractile myoepithelial cells

52
Q

What hormone stimulates sperm production in the testis?

A

-FSH

53
Q

What are the two classes of cells in the seminiferous tubules?

A
  • Proliferating cells of spermatogenic lineage

- supporting sertoli cells

54
Q

What cells are in the connective tissue surrounding the seminiferous tubules?

A
  • Myoid Cells

- Leydig Cells

55
Q

What is the ploidy of a primary spermatocyte?

A

-2n

56
Q

What is the ploidy of a secondary spermatocyte?

A

n

57
Q

Name the cells of spermatogenesis in order of formation

A
  • Spermatogonium/Type A spermatogonium
  • Type B spermatogonium
  • Primary spermatocyte
  • secondary spermatocyte
  • Spermatids
58
Q

What is spermiogenesis?

A
  • the final stage in sperm production in which spermatids transform into spermatozoa
  • no cell division
59
Q

What is spermiation?

A

-the process where spermatozoa are released into the testicular fluid by sertoli cell and myoid cell contractions

60
Q

What are the three phases of spermiogenesis?

A
  • Golgi phase
  • acrosomal phase
  • maturation phase
61
Q

What is the golgi phase of spermiogenesis?

A

-when pro-acrosomal granules collect in the golgi and fuse to form a membrane-bound acrosomal vesicle

62
Q

What is the acrosomal phase of spermiogenesis?

A

-when the acrosomal vesicle becomes larger and covers the top half of the sperm nucleus

63
Q

What is the maturation phase of spermiogenesis?

A
  • when the mitochondria enter the proximal part of the tail,
  • the sperm shed extra cytoplasm which is eaten by sertoli cells,
  • and the sperm takes its final form with the head containing the acrosomal vesicle and having a tail
64
Q

What do sertoli cells do?

A
  • form blood testis barrier
  • provide support and nutrition to developing sperm
  • eat residual bodies
  • secrete basement membrane
  • secrete fluid for sperm transport
65
Q

What are the endocrine functions of sertoli cells? What hormone triggers the release of these hormones?

A
  • secrete androgen binding protein, inhibin, and mullerian inhibiting substance
  • triggered by FSH
66
Q

What does androgen binding protein (ABP) do?

A

-concentrates testosterone to a level required by spermiogenesis

67
Q

What does inhibin do?

A

-suppresses the synthesis and release of FSH (negative feedback)

68
Q

WHat does Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) do?

A

-causes regression of the mullerian ducts in development

69
Q

What is the function of Leydig cells?

A
  • produce testosterone (in response to LH post puberty)

- testosterone for the development of the male reproductive system (in response to placental gonadotropin

70
Q

What are the three intratesticular ducts?

A
  • straight tubules
  • Rete testis
  • Efferent Ductules
71
Q

What lines straight tubules?

A
  • Beginning: sertoli cells

- Main segement: Cuboidal epithelium

72
Q

What two cells types are found in the lining of the efferent ducutules? What are their functions

A
  • cuboidal cells: Absorb fluid

- ciliated cells: propel non-motile sperm

73
Q

What are the three excretory genital ducts?

A
  • duct of epididymis
  • ductus deferens
  • urethra
74
Q

what lines the epididymis ducts and what cell types are there?

A
  • pseudostratified columnar epithelium

- contains basal cells and tall columnar principal cells with stereocilia

75
Q

what lines the ductus deferens and what cell types are there?

A

pseudostratified epithelium

-basal and columnar cells

76
Q

What are the layers of the ductus deferens?

A
  • pseudostratified epithelium
  • thin lamina propria
  • 3 layered muscularis
  • adventitia
77
Q

What are the three portions of the urethra and what lines them?

A

Prostatic: urothelium

Membranous: pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Penile: pseudostratified columnar transitioning to stratified squamous epithelium at glans

78
Q

What are the glands of littre?

A

-mucus secreting glands found along the entire length of the penis that provide lubrication

79
Q

What are the three accessory reproductive glands in males?

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • prostate
  • bulbourethral glands
80
Q

What do seminal vesicles do?

A
  • produce a fluid high in fructose that makes up 70% of semen
  • fluid also contains prostaglandins, coagulating factors, and immunosuppressant factors

Term 2: Histology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions