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Term 2: Histology > Liver & Pancreas > Flashcards

Liver & Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is contained within the portal tract/triad at the periphery of hepatic lobules?

A
  • venule branch of the portal vein
  • arteriole branch of the hepatic artery
  • bile ductules of the bile conducting system
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2
Q

What lines the bile ductules?

A

-simple cuboidal epithelium of cholangiocytes

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3
Q

What kind of intermediate filament is found within hepatocytes?

A
  • cytokeratin

- technically an epithelial cell

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4
Q

Do hepatocytes have a basement membrane?

A

No

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5
Q

What are the three surfaces of hepatocytes?

A
  • basolateral
  • lateral
  • apical
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6
Q

Which surfaces of the hepatocyte are facing the blood sinousoids?

A

-basolateral

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7
Q

What do blood sinusoids arise from?

A

-conjoining of the hepatic portal venules and hepatic arterioles of the peripheral lobules

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8
Q

What is the space of disse?

A

-fenestrations in the capillary endothelium which allow microvilli from the hepatocytes to contact blood in the sinousoids

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9
Q

On what surface of the hepatocytes does the exocrine function occur?

A

-the apical surface

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10
Q

What do the bile canaliculi empty into?

A

-the canal of hering, which empties into the bile ductule of the portal tract

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11
Q

What cells are stellate macrophages?

A

-Kupffer cells

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12
Q

What do kupffer cells do?

A
  • garbage trucks of the liver
  • monocyte derivatives
  • APCs, eat old blood cells, degrade hemoglobin to bilirubin, store iron, remove bacteria and debris from the portal blood
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13
Q

Where do kupffer cells live?

A

-sinusoid lining

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14
Q

What cells are hepatic stellate cells?

A
  • Ito Cells

- Lipocytes

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15
Q

From what tissue do hepatic stellate cells arise?

A

-mesenchyme

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16
Q

What do hepatic stellate cells do?

A
  • produce ECM
  • Store fat soluble vitamins
  • secrete cytokines
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17
Q

Which vitamins are fat soluble?

A

A

D

E

K

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18
Q

Where do hepatic stellate cells live?

A

-perisinusoidal space

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19
Q

Is there muscularis mucosa in the gallbladder?

A

-No

20
Q

Tell me about the muscularis externa of the gallbladder.

A
  • it is made of a random organization of smooth muscle

- Contraction is caused by CCK

21
Q

What makes up the exocrine portion of the pancreas?

A

secretory acini

22
Q

What makes up the endocrine portion of the pancreas?

A

-pancreatic islets

23
Q

What lines the intercalated duct of the pancreas?

A

simple squamous epithelium

24
Q

What cells are present at the extensions of the intercalated duct into the lumen of the acini?

A

-Centroacinar cells

25
Q

What is the structure of the classic lobule of the liver?

A

-drains blood from the portal vein and hepatic artery to the central vein

26
Q

What is the structure of the portal lobule?

A
  • Drains bile from hepatocytes to the bile duct

- triangle

27
Q

What is the structure of the hepatic acinus lobule?

A

-shows supply gradient of oxygenated blood to hepatocytes

28
Q

How does liver cell regeneration occur?

A

via proliferation from existing hepatocytes or stem cells (oval cells)

29
Q

What are oval cells? Where do they live?

A
  • stem cells of the liver
  • can proliferate into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes

-live among the cholangiocytes int he bile canals

30
Q

What portion of the pancreas are most islets of langerhans located?

A

the tail

31
Q

What do A (Alpha) cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

Glucagon

32
Q

What do B (Beta) cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

-insulin

33
Q

What do D cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

-somatostatin

34
Q

What do PP cells of the pancreas secrete?

A

pancreatic polypeptides that:

  • stimulate chief cells
  • inhibit bile secretion
  • inhibit pancreatic enzyme secretion
  • inhibit intestinal motility
35
Q

What are the three pairs of salivary glands?

A
  • parotid
  • Submandibular
  • Sublingual
36
Q

How does the branching duct system of salivary glands modify saliva?

A
  • adding growth factors and enzymes

- reabsorbing Na and Cl

37
Q

Where are myoepithelial cells of the salivary glands located?

A

-the common basal lamina surrounding acini and tubules

38
Q

What is the order of ducts in the salivary glands after the acinus?

A
  • Intralobular: Intercalated then striated
  • Interlobular
  • Main duct
39
Q

What are the two types of intralobular ducts, and what kind of epithelium do they exhibit? do they have myoepithelial cells?

A
  • intercalated (cuboidal to columnar) Yes myoepithelial cells
  • Striated (columnar) No myoepithelial cells
40
Q

What types of epithelium does the interlobular duct exhibit?

A
  • cuboidal/columnar
  • pseudostratified
  • stratified
41
Q

What is the epithelium of the main salivary duct?

A

-nonkeratinized, stratified squamous epithelium

42
Q

What is the effect of parasympathetic and sympathetic input on the quality of saliva secretions from the salivary glands?

A

Parasymphathetic: Watery with little protein

Symphathetic: Secretion inhibited. Secretions have high protein content

43
Q

Which gland produces the most saliva?

A

-submandibular (70%)

44
Q

What are serous demilunes?

A

-crescent shaped clusters of serous cells present in mixed salivary units

45
Q

Where do demilunes live?

A
  • mostly submandibular glands

- some in sublingual glands

46
Q

Where are mucosal salivary glands located?

A

-throughout the oral mucosa

Term 2: Histology (6 decks)

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