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Term 2: Histology > Renal Histology > Flashcards

Renal Histology Flashcards

1
Q

At what point does filtrate become urine?

A
  • when it reaches the storage level

- minor calyxes

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2
Q

What is contained within the cortex of the kidney?

A
  • stellate vessels
  • renal columnds
  • glomeruli
  • corpuscles
  • some tubules
  • small amounts of type I collagen
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3
Q

What is contained within the medulla of the kidney?

A
  • Loops of henle
  • Vasa recta
  • collecting ducts
  • Hyaluronate and Type I collagen
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4
Q

What are the structures of the nephron in order of flitrate flow?

A
  • bowman’s space
  • long proximal convoluted tubule
  • short proximal straight tubule
  • thin descending limb
  • thin ascending limb
  • thick ascending limb
  • Distal convoluted tubule
  • connecting tubule
  • collecting tubules
  • collecting duct
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5
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A
  • juxtamedullary

- superficial

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6
Q

What arteries sprout off of the arcuate artery?

A

-interlobular arteries

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7
Q

What type of endothelium do capillaries that are contained within the glomerulus have?

A

-continuous fenestrated endothelium

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8
Q

What is the internal layer of the basal lamina of the glomerulus?

A

-lamina densa

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9
Q

What is contained within the lamina densa?

A
  • fibronectin

- some type Iv collagen

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10
Q

What is the external layer of the basal lamina of the glomerulus?

A

-internal and external lamina rara

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11
Q

What is contained within the elamina rara?

A
  • heparin sulfate

- laminin

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12
Q

What type of epithelium is the parietal portion of the bowman’s capsule?

A

-squamous epithelium

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13
Q

What type of epithelium is the visceral bowman’s capsule made of?

A

-podocytes

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14
Q

What are podocytes?

A

Specialized endothelial cells that form the interdigitations through which blood is filtered.

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15
Q

What is the Macula densa?

A
  • the area where the distal tubule comes into contacts with the mother glomerulus
  • sensitive to the concentration of sodium and chloride
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16
Q

(T/F) the basment membrane formed by the endothelial cells and podocytes is largely negative.

A

T

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17
Q

What type of intermediate filament is found in podocytes?

A

cytokeratin

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18
Q

What is podocalyxin?

A
  • secreted by podocytes

- negatively charged substance that contributes to electric barrier of basement membrane

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19
Q

What protein are filtration slits of the podocyte made of?

A

-nephrin proteins

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20
Q

What do filtration slits do?

A

-they block many small proteins from being filtered

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21
Q

At what point is the fluid filtered in the glomerulus considered filtrate?

A

once it passes through the filtration slits

22
Q

What proportion of the glomerular endothelial cell is covered by podocytes?

A

2/3

23
Q

What proportion of the glomerular endothelial cell is covered by mesangial cells?

A

1/3

24
Q

What do mesangial cells do?

A
  • phagocytose debris
  • contract
  • sample blood glucose
  • proliferate in disease
25
Q

What type of intermediate filament is found within mesangial cells?

A

vimentin

AND

Desmin

26
Q

What is a glomerulopathy?

A
  • occurs when the filtration barrier in the glomerulus becomes leaky
  • can get protein and blood in the urine
27
Q

What does angiotensin II do to mesangial cells?

A

increase contractility

28
Q

What does ANF do to mesangial cells?

A

decrease contractility

29
Q

Where in the tubular system are there the most microvilli?

A

PCT lumen

30
Q

What type of intermediate filament do epithelial cells in the loop of henle have?

A

cytokeratin

31
Q

What type of epithelium does the loop of henle have?

A

squamous

32
Q

What type of epithelium does the distal convoluted tubule have?

A

simple cuboidal

33
Q

What type of epithelium does the PCT have?

A

Low columnar with a glycocalyx

34
Q

What type of epithelium do the collecting tublules and ducts have?

A

tall columnar

35
Q

What causes diabetes incipidus, and what is the primary symptom?

A
  • no ADH

- Lots of peeing

36
Q

What makes up the walls of the ureters?

A
  • urothelium
  • elastic lamina propria
  • inner longitudinal smooth muscle
37
Q

What makes the urothelium special?

A
  • it is make of umbrella/baloon cells, allowing it to expand

- it is transitional

38
Q

Where is urothelium found>

A
  • calyces
  • infundibulum
  • renal pelvis
  • ureters
  • Bladder
  • Prostatic urethra
39
Q

What is the smooth muscle of the bladder?

A

-detrusor muscle

40
Q

What are the three portions of the male urethra?

A
  • prostatic
  • memranous
  • spongy
41
Q

What type of epithelium does the prostatic portion of the male urethra have?

A

-ureothium

42
Q

What type of epithelium does the membranous portion of the male urethra have?

A

-pseudo columnar

43
Q

What type of epithelium does the spongy portion of the male urethra have?

A

-pseudo columnar

44
Q

What kind of epithelium does the female urethra have?

A

-stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

45
Q

What does the macula densa do?

A
  • senses NaCl levels

- releases adenosine to control smooth muscle cell tone of the afferent arteriole

46
Q

What do juxtaglomerular cells secrete?

A

renin

47
Q

What are Lacis cells?

A
  • cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus that transfer information about NaCl tubular load to granular cells
  • basically act as extraglomerular mesangial cells
48
Q

What releases erythropoietin and thrombopoietin?

A
  • medullary interstitial cells in kidney

- liver

49
Q

What converts Vitamin D into 1,25-Dihydrovitamin D?

A

-PCT of kideny

50
Q

What is cystitis and what can it lead to?

A
  • inflammation of the bladder urotheium

- can lead to an unstable urothelium and then cancer

Term 2: Histology (6 decks)

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