Reproductive System

Question 0

2 glands of the male reproductive system

Answer 0

Prostate

Bulbourethral (smaller, lower)

Question 1

Pathway of sperm for ejaculation

Answer 1

Seminal vesicles - epididymis- vas deferans - ejaculatory duct - urethra

Question 2

Differentiation of spermatogonia ?

Answer 2

Spermatogonia - primary spermatocytes - secondary spermatocytes - spermatids - spermatozoa

Question 3

When in spermatogenesis do they become haploid ?

Answer 3

Secondary spermatocytes

Question 4

Acrosome derives from ?

Answer 4

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

Multilayered sac of cells that contains , nourishes and protects an immature ovum

Answer 5

Follicle

Question 6

What produces estrogen ?

Answer 6

Follicles

Question 7

Another word for Fallopian tubes ?

Answer 7

Oviducts

Question 8

The first time a female menstruates

Answer 8

Menarche

Question 9

Oocyte layers.
Outside ?
Inside ?

Answer 9

Corona radiata

Zona pellucida

Question 10

4 states of menstrual cycle ?

Answer 10

Follicular stage
Ovulation
Luteal phase
Menstruation

Question 11

follicular phase :
Cessation of ___
Development of ___
Begins secreting ___

Answer 11

Menstrual flow
Follicle
Estrogen

Question 12

Ovulation:
What does this mean ?
Surge in ___ caused by a peak in ____

Answer 12

Mature ovarian follicle bursts and releases an ovum
Lh
Estrogen levels

Question 13

Ovaries become less sensitive to hormones and eventually atrophy. Estrogen and progesterone levels greatly decline.

Answer 13

Menopause

Question 14

Luteal phase
____ induces follicle to develop into the corpus ____
This secretes ?
___ causes the endometrium to mature and prepare it for implantations

Answer 14

Lh
Luteum
Estrogen and progesterone
Progesterone

Question 15

Menstruation
____ atrophies
Drop in progesterone and estrogen causes ____

Answer 15

Corpus luteum

Endometrium to atrophy

Question 16

If fertilization occurs , the developing placenta produces ?

What does this do ?

Answer 16

hCG

Maintains the corpus luteum and thus the supply of estrogen and progesterone

Question 17

Pathway of sperm to the ovum

Answer 17

Vaginal canal
Cervix
Uterus
Fallopian tubes

Question 18

How long do sperm remain viable ?

Answer 18

Capable of fertilization for 1-2 days after intercourse

Question 19

Acrosomal process

Answer 19

Once in contact with the membrane , the sperm forms this tubelike structure

Question 20

When does the ovum complete meiosis 2

Answer 20

When the acrosomal process fuses to the cell membrane of the ovum

Question 21

Calcium ions are released into the cytoplasm and initiates the formation of the fertilization membrane

Answer 21

Cortical reaction

Question 22

Hard layer surrounding the ovum cell membrane and prevents multiple fertilizations

Answer 22

Fertilization membrane

Question 23

When a single zygote splits into two embryos.

Answer 23

Monozygotic twins

Question 24

If the zygote splits at the two cell stage ?

Answer 24

Embryos will have separate chorions and placentas

Question 25

If the zygote splits at the blastula stage

Answer 25

Only one chorionic sac and will share a placenta and possibly an amnion

Question 26

When two ova are released in one ovarian cycle and fertilized by two different sperm

Answer 26

Dizygotic (fraternal) twins

Question 27

Rapid mitotic divisions lead to an increase in cell number without a corresponding growth in cell protoplasm (total volume of cytoplasm remains constant )

Answer 27

Cleavage

Question 28

Ball of embryonic cells is ___. When this develops a fluid filled cavity cavity ___ begins

Answer 28

Morula | Blastulation

Question 29

A fluid filled cavity during Blastulation

Answer 29

Blastocoel

Question 30

What stage is the embryo when it implants in the uterus

Answer 30

Blastula

Question 31

How does emergency contraception work ?

Answer 31

Inhibits implantation of the blastula in the uterus I

Question 32

When the embryo implants outside the uterus

Answer 32

Ectopic pregnancy

Question 33

When the embryo is fully implanted in the uterus and it becomes a 3 layered structure

Answer 33

Gastrula

Question 34

Endoderm?

Answer 34

Epithelial linings of the digestive and respiratory tract , part of the liver , pancreas , thyroid , and bladder lining

Question 35

Mesoderm?

Answer 35

Gives rise to the musculoskeletal system , circulatory system , excretory system , excretory system , gonads , connective tissue , portions of digestive and respiratory organs

Question 36

Rod of mesodermal cells developing along the longitudinal axis. Under the dorsal later of the ectoderm.

Answer 36

Notochord

Question 37

What does the neural tube give rise to ?

Answer 37

Brain and spinal cord

Question 38

What do neural crest cells give rise to?

Answer 38

``` Peripheral nervous system Sensory ganglia Autonomic ganglia Adrenal medulla Schwann cells ```

Question 39

When the neural tube does not close properly ? | What can be done to stop this

Answer 39

Spina bifida | Folic acid

Question 40

4 extra embryonic membrane formed during development

Answer 40

Amnion Chorion Allantois Yolk sac

Question 41

A thin tough membrane containing a water fluid. Acts as a shock absorber during gestation and uterine contractions

Answer 41

Amnion

Question 42

Membrane that completely surrounds the amnion. Assists with transfer of nutrients from the mother to the fetus.

Answer 42

Chorion

Question 43

A third membrane that develops as an out pocketing of the gut. It's blood vessels become the umbilical vessels. This connects the fetus to the developing placenta

Answer 43

Allantois

Question 44

The site of early development of blood vessels , becomes associated with the umbilical vessels

Answer 44

Yolk sac

Question 45

Major organs begin to develop , heart begins to beat, eyes gonads limbs and liver start to form . Cartilaginous skeleton begins to turn to bone by the 7th week. At the end is a fetus and is 9cm long

Answer 45

First trimester

Question 46

Tremendous amount of growing. Begins to move face appears human. Toes and fingers elongate. 30-36 cm long.

Answer 46

Second trimester

Question 47

Rapid growth. Further brain development. Antibodies are transported by highly selective active transport from the mother to the fetus for protection against foreign matter. Less active.

Answer 47

Third trimester

Question 48

3 stages of labour

Answer 48

Cervix thins and dilates, amniotic sax ruptures Rapid contractions, birth of baby Birth of placenta and umbilical cord

Question 49

Upon ovulation, the follicle is released into the ?

Answer 49

Abdominal cavity

Question 50

Determinate cleavage

Answer 50

Results in cells whose differentiation pathways are clearly define. Incapable of individually developing into complete organisms

Question 51

When do the primary germ layers appear ?

Answer 51

Gastrulation