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Bio-30 > Reproductive system > Flashcards

Reproductive system Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Testes

A

primary reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone

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2
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

structure where sperm are produced (spermatogenesis)

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3
Q

epididymis

A

stores and matures sperm

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4
Q

ductus/vas deferens

A

transports sperm to ejaculatory ducts

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5
Q

ejactulatory ducts

A

where ductus deferens and seminal vesicle meet

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6
Q

semen

A

combination of sperm cells and fluids from accessory glands

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7
Q

accessory glands

A
  • seminal vesicles
  • cowpers gland
    -prostate gland
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8
Q

seminal vesicles

A

produces fluid containing sugar fructose, which provides energy for sperm

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9
Q

prostate gland

A

produces milky, alkaline fluid to neutralize urine in the urethra

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10
Q

cowpers gland

A

secretes pre-ejaculate which lubricates urethra and neutralizes acidity from urine in urethra

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11
Q

ovaries

A

produce eggs and hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

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12
Q

oviduct

A

connected to ovaries with through fimbriae which catch the ovum and then they travel through the oviduct to the uterus. where fertilization usually occurs.

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13
Q

uterus

A

holds and nourishes developing fetus

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14
Q

endometrium

A

inner lining of uterus. thickens during menstrual cycle and sheds if ovum is not fertilized.

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15
Q

Viral STI’s

A

-HIV
-AIDS
-HPV
-genital herpes
-hepatitis B

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16
Q

Bacterial STI’s

A

-Syphilis
-Gonorrhea
-Chlamydia

17
Q

Testosterone

A

promote sperm formation and secondary sexual characteristics

18
Q

estrogen

A

stimulates uterine lining growth during the first half of the menstrual cycle and promotes secondary sexual characteristics

19
Q

progesterone

A

promotes growth of uterine lining during the second half of the menstrual cycle and prevents uterine contraction

20
Q

GnRH

A

stimulates LH and FSH

21
Q

FSH

A

stimulates development of sex organs and gametes in both men and women

22
Q

LH

A

stimulates production of testosterone in men and in women, stimulates estrogen production and triggers ovulation.

23
Q

inhibin

A

inhibits FSH

24
Q

spermatogenesis

A

production of sperm cells. process including mitosis and meiosis which results in four mature sperm per spermatogonia

25
Q

Oogenesis

A

production of egg cells. process pauses before puberty and once again before fertilization. results in one ovum and three useless polar bodies per oogonium.

26
Q

negative feedback system for sperm production

A

hypothalamus - (GnRH) > Anterior pituitary - (FSH) > seminiferous tubules (inhibin) >sperm production

27
Q

negative feedback loop for testosterone

A

hypothalamus - (GnRH) > Anterior pituitary - (LH) > seminiferous tubules (interstitial cells) > testosterone

28
Q

feedback loop for estrogen

A

hypothalamus - (GnRH) > anterior pituitary - (FSH) > ovary (follicle) > estrogen (follicle development)

29
Q

feedback loop for progesterone

A

hypothalamus - (GnRH) > Anterior pituitary - (LH) > Ovary (corpus luteum) > progesterone (and triggers ovulation)

30
Q

duration difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis

A

spermatogenesis- produced in 64-72 days
oogenesis- follows 28 day cycle

31
Q

end product differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis

A

men- millions of sperm produced daily
women- one egg per 28 days

32
Q

what are days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle?

A

the early follicular phase and the menstrual phase

33
Q

what are days 6-13 of the menstrual cycle

A

late follicular phase and proliferative phase

34
Q

what is day 14 of the menstrual cycle

A

ovulation and continuous thickening through the proliferative phase

35
Q

what are days 15-28

A

luteal phase + corpus bitch degeneration, and secretory phase (rapid thickening and breakdown of lining)

36
Q

andropause

A

gradual decline in testosterone levels around age 40 (results in reduced sperm production and tiny balls)

37
Q

menopause

A

decline in functioning follicles around age 50. end of fertility caused by drop in hormone levels.

Bio-30 (5 decks)

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