Reproductive System Flashcards
Testes
primary reproductive organs that produce sperm and testosterone
seminiferous tubules
structure where sperm are produced (spermatogenesis)
epididymis
stores and matures sperm
ductus/vas deferens
transports sperm to ejaculatory ducts
ejactulatory ducts
where ductus deferens and seminal vesicle meet
semen
combination of sperm cells and fluids from accessory glands
accessory glands
- seminal vesicles
- cowpers gland
-prostate gland
seminal vesicles
produces fluid containing sugar fructose, which provides energy for sperm
prostate gland
produces milky, alkaline fluid to neutralize urine in the urethra
cowpers gland
secretes pre-ejaculate which lubricates urethra and neutralizes acidity from urine in urethra
ovaries
produce eggs and hormones (estrogen and progesterone)
oviduct
connected to ovaries with through fimbriae which catch the ovum and then they travel through the oviduct to the uterus. where fertilization usually occurs.
uterus
holds and nourishes developing fetus
endometrium
inner lining of uterus. thickens during menstrual cycle and sheds if ovum is not fertilized.
Viral STI’s
-HIV
-AIDS
-HPV
-genital herpes
-hepatitis B
Bacterial STI’s
-Syphilis
-Gonorrhea
-Chlamydia
Testosterone
promote sperm formation and secondary sexual characteristics
estrogen
stimulates uterine lining growth during the first half of the menstrual cycle and promotes secondary sexual characteristics
progesterone
promotes growth of uterine lining during the second half of the menstrual cycle and prevents uterine contraction
GnRH
stimulates LH and FSH
FSH
stimulates development of sex organs and gametes in both men and women
LH
stimulates production of testosterone in men and in women, stimulates estrogen production and triggers ovulation.
inhibin
inhibits FSH
spermatogenesis
production of sperm cells. process including mitosis and meiosis which results in four mature sperm per spermatogonia
Oogenesis
production of egg cells. process pauses before puberty and once again before fertilization. results in one ovum and three useless polar bodies per oogonium.
negative feedback system for sperm production
hypothalamus - (GnRH) > Anterior pituitary - (FSH) > seminiferous tubules (inhibin) >sperm production
negative feedback loop for testosterone
hypothalamus - (GnRH) > Anterior pituitary - (LH) > seminiferous tubules (interstitial cells) > testosterone
feedback loop for estrogen
hypothalamus - (GnRH) > anterior pituitary - (FSH) > ovary (follicle) > estrogen (follicle development)
feedback loop for progesterone
hypothalamus - (GnRH) > Anterior pituitary - (LH) > Ovary (corpus luteum) > progesterone (and triggers ovulation)
duration difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis
spermatogenesis- produced in 64-72 days
oogenesis- follows 28 day cycle
end product differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis
men- millions of sperm produced daily
women- one egg per 28 days
what are days 1-5 of the menstrual cycle?
the early follicular phase and the menstrual phase
what are days 6-13 of the menstrual cycle
late follicular phase and proliferative phase
what is day 14 of the menstrual cycle
ovulation and continuous thickening through the proliferative phase
what are days 15-28
luteal phase + corpus bitch degeneration, and secretory phase (rapid thickening and breakdown of lining)
andropause
gradual decline in testosterone levels around age 40 (results in reduced sperm production and tiny balls)
menopause
decline in functioning follicles around age 50. end of fertility caused by drop in hormone levels.
