Endocrine System

Question 1

RH

Answer 1

Releasing hormone induce the production and secretion of pituitary hormones, which in turn are transported by the blood to their target glands (e.g., the adrenal glands, gonads, or thyroid)

Question 2

FSH

Answer 2

Follicle stimulating hormone (in women) triggers the growth of eggs in the ovaries and gets the eggs ready for ovulation. In men, FSH helps control the amount of sperm that the testicles (testes) make.

Question 3

LH

Answer 3

Luteinizing hormone helps control the menstrual cycle. It also triggers the release of an egg from the ovary. This is called ovulation.

Question 4

ACTH

Answer 4

The main function of adrenocorticotropic hormone is to stimulate your adrenal glands to release cortisol.

Question 5

TSH

Answer 5

TSH tells your thyroid how much thyroid hormone it needs to make. If the thyroid hormone levels in your blood are too low, your pituitary gland makes larger amounts of TSH to tell your thyroid to work harder.

Question 6

ADH

Answer 6

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a chemical produced in the brain that causes the kidneys to release less water (by signalling the kidneys to conserve water), decreasing the amount of urine produced

Question 7

Prolactin

Answer 7

the two primary responsibilities are milk production and the development of mammary glands within breast tissues.

Question 8

Growth hormone

Answer 8

Growth hormone is produced by our brain’s pituitary gland and governs our height, bone length and muscle growth.

Question 9

Oxytocin

Answer 9

Oxytocin is a natural hormone that stimulates uterine contractions in childbirth and lactation after childbirth

Question 10

T4

Answer 10

Thyroxine is the main hormone secreted into the bloodstream by the thyroid gland. It plays vital roles in metabolism, heart and muscle function, brain development, and maintenance of bones

Question 11

Calcitonin

Answer 11

Calcitonin is a hormone that your thyroid gland makes and releases to help regulate calcium levels in your blood by decreasing it. It does this by blocking the breakdown of bone calcium and by preventing your kidneys from reabsorbing calcium.

Question 12

PTH

Answer 12

PTH increases calcium reabsorption at the kidneys by stimulating bone cells to release calcium and by stimulating the kidneys and the intestine to reabsorb calcium.

Question 13

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Answer 13

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are the hormones behind your “fight-or-flight” response. Raise blood glucose. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) help maintain normal blood glucose levels by stimulating glucagon release, glycogenolysis, and food consumption, and by inhibiting insulin release.

Question 14

Cortisol

Answer 14

Regulating your body’s stress response: During times of stress, your body can release cortisol after releasing its “fight or flight” hormones, such as adrenaline, so you continue to stay on high alert. In addition, cortisol triggers the release of glucose (sugar) from your liver for fast energy during times of stress + breaks down proteins. (Stimulated by ACTH)

Question 15

Aldosterone

Answer 15

Aldosterone regulates the salt and water balance of the body by increasing the retention of sodium and water and the excretion of potassium by the kidneys. (Raises blood pressure because of sodium retention)

Question 16

Insulin

Answer 16

Insulin moves glucose from your blood into cells all over your body. Glucose comes from both the food and drinks you consume and your body’s natural release of stored glucose (glycogen). (Converts to glycogen +makes cells more permeable to glucose) decreases blood glucose.

Question 17

Glucagon

Answer 17

Glucagon’s role in the body is to prevent blood glucose levels dropping too low. To do this, it acts on the liver in several ways: It stimulates the conversion of stored glycogen (stored in the liver) to glucose, which can be released into the bloodstream.

Question 18

Gigantism

Answer 18

Hyper-growth hormone in children

Question 19

Dwarfism

Answer 19

Hypo-growth hormone in children

Question 20

Acromegaly

Answer 20

Hyper-growth hormone in adults

Question 21

Cretinism

Answer 21

Hypo-thyroxin in children

Question 22

Myxoedema

Answer 22

Hypo-thyroxine in adults

Question 23

Goitre

Answer 23

Enlarged thyroid from relentless thyroxine production

Question 24

Graves disease

Answer 24

The antibodies in Graves’ disease (thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies) primarily target the thyroid gland. In response to these antibodies, the thyroid gland becomes overactive and starts to make too much thyroid hormone. (Hyper-TSH)

Question 25

Addison’s disease

Answer 25

Addison’s disease is caused by damage to the adrenal glands. Causes insufficient cortisol + aldosterone

Question 26

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 26

Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by an autoimmune reaction (the body attacks itself by mistake). This reaction destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin, called beta cells.

Question 27

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 27

Caused because the insulin receptors in the body stop responding to insulin. In other cases, the beta cells produce less and less insulin overtime. Controlled by diet, exercise, + oral medications.

Question 28

What hormones does the hypothalamus secrete?

Answer 28

Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones

Question 29

What hormones does the anterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 29

FSH (follicle stimulating), LH (luteinizing hormone), ACTH, TSH, Prolactin,Growth hormone.

Question 30

What hormones does the posterior pituitary secrete?

Answer 30

ADH, oxytocin

Question 31

What hormones does the thyroid secrete?

Answer 31

Thyroxine, calcitonin

Question 32

What hormones does the parathyroid secrete?

Answer 32

PTH

Question 33

What hormones do the adrenal glands secrete?

Answer 33

Cortex: cortisol,aldosterone,gonadocorticoids
Medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 34

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 34

Insulin + glucagon

Question 35

What hormones does the pancreas secrete?

Answer 35

Insulin + glucagon