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Patient > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of male reproductive organs

A
  • Production, maturation and storage of spermatozoa
  • delivery of spermatozoa in semen into female reproductive tract
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2
Q

What does the male reproductive system include?

A

‘The structures of the male reproductive system include the testes, the epididymis, the penis, and the ducts and glands that produce and carry semen

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3
Q

What is the structure of testis?

A

Consists of lobules, containing seminerfous tubules which are supported by the interstitial tissue

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4
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Tubules in testes where soermatogeneis happens

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5
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Process of sperm production beginning with spermatogonia dividing and differentiating into spermatozoa

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6
Q

What is the function of hypothalamic pituitary axis ?

A
  • Regulating hormones
  • stimulated by gnrh from hypothalamus
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7
Q

What hormones does gonadtropins release?

A
  • FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
    LH- luetinizing hormone from anterior pituitary
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8
Q

How are hormones released in male reproductive system ?

A

Hypothalamus releases gnrh. Gnrh stimulates anterior pituitary to release fsh and lh.
LH stimulates leydig cells to release testosterone.
FSH stimulates steroli cells to release ABP. ABP binds to testosterone- keeping the latter at high concentrations.
Inhibin negatively feeds back to anterior pituitary inhibiting firther release of FSH. Testosterone negatively feeds back to hypothamalyus and pituitary- inhibits further release of FSH LH AND GNRH

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9
Q

Function of testosterone

A
  • initiation of spermatogensis
  • stimulates development of male secondary characteristics
  • Increases red blood cell volume
  • required for sex drive
  • negatively feedback to GNRh and lh secretion
  • dihydrotestosterone promotes continued growth of adult prostate.
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10
Q

What do androgens help with in all genders ?

A
  • bone density
  • muscle development
  • puberty
  • red cell production
  • sexual desire and function
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11
Q

Androgens disorders?

A
  • hypogonadism
  • hypergonadism
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12
Q

Function of female reproductive system?

A
  • formation of ova
  • reception of spermatozoa
  • partuition - childbirth
  • lactation
  • allows suitable environment for fertilization and foetal development
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13
Q

Function of ovaries ?

A
  • produce and egg or ova each month
  • produce hormones- oestrogen, oestrodiol, estrone, estriol, progesterone, inhibin and relaxin
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14
Q

Function of fallopian tubes?

A
  • catch oocyte when released from ovaries
  • fertilisation site
  • fallopian tubes swept away zygotes into uterus
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15
Q

Uterus function?

A
  • implantation takes places
  • provides space and nourishment for developing baby
  • expands in size during pregnancy
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16
Q

Vagina function?

A
  • receive sperm from penis
  • provides exit of menstrual blood flow
  • functions as a birth canal at end of pregnancy
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17
Q

How long is the reproductive cycle?

A

28 +/-4 days

18
Q

What is the reproductive cycle ?

A

Changes take place in ovaries and uterus lining- it is stimulated by blood conc of hormones

19
Q

What is the zona pellucida?

A
  • acts as a barrier to ensure only one sperm can fertilise the egg- prevents premature implantation.
  • blastocyst development
  • protection
20
Q

Theca cells?

A

Development of follicles, but produces oestrogen and granulosa cells, androgens

21
Q

Granulosa cells?

A

Produce follicular fluid- oocyte maturation and follicle growth control

22
Q

What happens during implantation ?

A

Blastocyst attaches to wall of uterus. Burrows into. Endometrial lining and receives nutrients and nourishment

Occurs 6-10 days after fertilisation

23
Q

Pregnanediol glucuronide

A

Metabolite for progesterone

Released from ovary after ovulation

And confirms ovulations and prepares uterus for pregnancy

24
Q

Human chorionic gonadotropin

A

Known as pregnancy hormone released by trophoblasts- ensures survival of corpus luteum

25
Q

What re the Hormonal changes in pregnancy ?

A
  • when the fertilisation of ovum occurs- placenta secretes chorionic gonadotropin- maintains corpus luteam and stimulates progesterone
  • placenta- major source of progesterone and estrogen
  • progesterone- long term maintenance of foetus- prevents uterine activity and expulsion of foetus
  • estrogen stimulates continuous growth of uterine muscles necessary for labor
  • corpus luteum and placenta release relaxin- promotes softening of tissues- preparing for childbirth
26
Q

Oxytocin?

A

Causes smooth muscle lining the uterus to contract

27
Q

Lactation

A

Stimulation of nipples by baby suckling initiates action potentials- connect to hypothalamus

The hypothalamus stimulates posterior pituitary to release oxytocin and anterior to release prolactin

Oxytocin stimulates milk release from breast

Prolactin stimulates milk production

28
Q

Steroidal hormone

A

A hormone derived from cholesterol including sex hormones such as androgens, oestrogens and progesterone

29
Q

FSH

A

Hormone synthesised and secreted by anterior that acts on gonads to promote sex hormone production and gametogensis- initiates follicle growth

30
Q

LH

A

Acts on gonads to promote sex hormone production and gametogensis-

Triggers ovulation and converts follicle into corpus luteum

31
Q

Leydig cells

A

Cells in testes respond to LH and promote testosterone synthesis

32
Q

Stertoli cells

A

Cells in testes- respond to testosterone and promote spermatogenesis

33
Q

Ovarian cycle

A

Changes in ovary due to pituatury hormones- LH AND FSH

34
Q

Uterine cycle

A

Changes in endometrium due to ovarian hormones- oestradiol and progesterone

35
Q

Follicular phase

A

Follicle growth and develops in mature follicle

36
Q

Ovulatory phase

A

Where oocyte released from ovary

37
Q

Luteal phase

A

Where corpus luteum develops from follicle

38
Q

Blastocyst

A

Formed by zygote after multiple mitotic divisions

39
Q

Progesterone

A

Produced by corpus luteum and placenta- maintains pregnancy

40
Q

Menopause

A

Menstrual cycle stops due to decrease of follicles and reduced sensitivity to FSH AND LH

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