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Patient > Renal System > Flashcards

Renal System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of kidney

A

Excretion - urination, excrete end products of metabolism and excess, inorganic substances

Homeostasis regulation - electrolyte and water homeostasis, acid base balance

Endocrine function- synthesis of hormones, target site for hormone

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2
Q

Structure of kidney

A

Renal cortex - contains capillaries

Renal Medulla - pyramids contain calcyces to form calyx- form renal pelvis
- renal pelvis collects urine
- transports urine to ureters

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3
Q

Function of kidney

A

Responsible for processing blood and sifting waste product and excess water

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4
Q

What is nephrons ?

A

Nephrons are urine forming units of kidneys

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5
Q

What are the two types of nephrons ?

A

Cortical nephron

Juxtamedullary nephron

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6
Q

Cortical nephron function

A

Shorter in length

Located in cortex

Performs most of reabsorptive secretory functions of kidneys

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7
Q

Juxtamdeullary function

A

Concentrates urine

Longer in length runs through medulla

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8
Q

What is the glomerular capsule?

A

Known as bowman’s capsule

Located at beginning of nephrons in kidney

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9
Q

Glomerulus

A

Cluster of capillaries involved in initial filteration of blood to form urine

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10
Q

Glomerular capsule function

A

Located in cortex

Glomerular capillaries consist of endothelium with large diameter pores

Macula densa(cells) detect levels of chloride and sodium ions

Juxtaglomerular cells secrete renin

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11
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule function

A

Reabsorption and secretion

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12
Q

What are the substances reabsorobed in proximal convoluted tubule?

A

Organic nutrients

Ions

Water by osmosis

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13
Q

Descending limb of loop of Henle

A

Are thin with no microvilli and few mitchondria and and are permeable to water but not ions NA AND CL

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14
Q

Ascending limbs of loop of henle

A

They are thick and consist of microvilli and lots of mitchondria and are not permeable to water but permeable to ions

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15
Q

What makes the loops countercurrent multipliers ?

A

Thin descending and thick ascending limbs

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16
Q

Renal function ?

A

Work carried out by kidney

17
Q

Glomerular filteration rate :

A

Measure of rate at which kidneys filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances from blood

18
Q

If the GFR is too high …

A

Needed substances can not be reabsorbed quickly enough and lost in urine

19
Q

If GFR is too low…

A

Everything is absorbed even waste products

20
Q

What does glomerular filteration pressure depend on?

A

Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure

Capsular hydrostatic pressure

Blood colloid osmotic pressure

21
Q

How does countercurrent multiplier system work?

A

Pushing of sodium and chlorine ions from ascending limbs increase osmotic concentration of peritubular fluid making it easier for osmotic flow of water from descending limbs into periturblar fluid

22
Q

What is counter current ?

A

Exchange between fluid moving in opposite directions

Fluid in descending limbs move to renal pelvis and ascending limbs move towards cortex

23
Q

Explain the ion reabsorption in ascending limb.

A

NA, K AND CL ions are transported out of tubular fluid- active transport

K and CL are pumped into intestinal fluid

NA is pumped out in exchange for K.

K diffuses back into lumen of tubule through K leak channels

Na and k are lost into pertitubular fluid

24
Q

Distal convoluted tubule function

A

Regulates electrolyte balance- Na k and Cl
Reabsorption of water, Na and Ca ions from tubular fluid- transported across DCT
Na reabsorbed in exchange for K by pump by aldosterone

Ca also reabsorbed in DCT- by parathyroid hormone

25
Q

Aldosterone ?

A

Stimulates synthesis of pump into membrane. Favours reabsorption of filtered sodium

Prolonged aldosterone can cause hypokalemia

26
Q

Collecting duct function

A

-has connecting tubules that connect each nephron to collecting duct- they empty into large papillary duct

Simple cuboidal cells line connecting tubules and columnar epithelium line collecting and papillary ducts

Reabsorbs Na and HCO3

Involved with secretion of H and HCO3

27
Q

If peritubular fluid pH increases….

A

H ions are reabsorbed and bio carbonate is secreted

Patient (15 decks)

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