Reproductive System

Question 1

What is the sac that encloses the testes?

Answer 1

Scrotum

Question 2

What are the roles of the cremaster and dartos muscles?

Answer 2

Function in temperature control of the testes

Question 3

Seminiferous tubules

Answer 3

Tightly coiled tubes that produce sperm

Question 4

What produces androgens?

Answer 4

Leydig cells (in between seminiferous tubules)

Question 5

Epididymis

Answer 5

Region where sperm mature (3 weeks) and can be stored

Question 6

What is another name for foreskin?

Answer 6

Prepuce

Question 7

What are the erectile tissue of the penis?

Answer 7

Corpora cavernosa (2)

Question 8

Seminal vesicles

Answer 8

Produce 70% of semen that mix with sperm from vas deferens; gives nutrients

Question 9

Prostate

Answer 9

Produces 30% of semen that activates sperm

Question 10

Bulbo-urethral glands

Answer 10

Produces mucus to clear any remaining urine in the urethra and acts a lubricant

Question 11

What are the functions of secretions of the accessory glands?

Answer 11

Transport medium, nutrients and chemicals that protect/activate sperm

Question 12

Where is GnRH released from?

Answer 12

Hypothalamus

Question 13

What does the release of GnRH stimulate?

Answer 13

The release of FSH and LH

Question 14

FSH (in regards to male)

Answer 14

Stimulates spermatogenesis

Question 15

LH (in regards to male)

Answer 15

Stimulates release of testosterone from Leydig cells

Question 16

Acrosome

Answer 16

Enzyme that adheres to top of nucleus of sperm which allow to sperm to enter egg

Question 17

What are the 2 compartments of the sertoli cells?

Answer 17

Basal and adluminal

Question 18

Purpose of sertoli cells

Answer 18

Provide blood-testis barrier, move sperm into lumen, produce nutrients and androgen-binding protein

Question 19

3 ligaments that anchor the ovaries

Answer 19

1)Mesovarium
2)Suspensory
3)Ovarian

Question 20

What is the outer covering of an ovary?

Answer 20

Germinal epithelium

Question 21

Once a follicle has been ovulated every month, what is left inside the ovary?

Answer 21

A corpus luteum

Question 22

3 parts of the fallopian tubes (lateral-medial)

Answer 22

Infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus

Question 23

Fimbriae

Answer 23

Fingerlike projections of the infundibulum that drape over the ovary

Question 24

What makes up the walls of the fallopian tubes?

Answer 24

Cilia and smooth muscle

Question 25

Cervix

Answer 25

Narrow neck from the uterus (i.o) to the vagina (e.o), that produces mucus

Question 26

Nulliparous

Answer 26

A woman who has not yet given birth

Question 27

3 parts of the uterus (surface to lumen)

Answer 27

Perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium

Question 28

2 stratum layers of endometrium

Answer 28

Functionalis and basalis

Question 29

What type of arteries do the stratum basalis and functionalis have?

Answer 29

Basalis: Straight Functionalis: Spiral

Question 30

3 purposes of the vagina

Answer 30

Childbearing, passage for menstrual flow and entry for sperm

Question 31

When does an egg become an ovum?

Answer 31

After being fertilized by a sperm

Question 32

What does the follicle turn into after rupturing during ovulation?

Answer 32

Corpus luteum

Question 33

How many carbons do progestins, androgens and estrogens contain?

Answer 33

21,19,18

Question 34

2 key functions of the ovaries

Answer 34

Produce oocytes and reproductive hormones

Question 35

2 phases of the ovarian cycle

Answer 35

Follicular and luteal

Question 36

What enzyme converts testosterone into estradiol?

Answer 36

Aromatase

Question 37

Purpose of LH (in females)

Answer 37

Stimulates testosterone production and ovulation

Question 38

Purpose of FSH (in females)

Answer 38

Stimulates ovarian follicle growth and produces estradiol

Question 39

What cell compartment is responsive to LH?

Answer 39

Theca cells

Question 40

What cell compartment is responsive to FSH?

Answer 40

Granulosa cells

Question 41

Follicular phase

Answer 41

Phase before ovulation where the dominant follicle is chosen

Question 42

Luteal phase

Answer 42

Phase after ovulation where the corpus luteum is active

Question 43

Corpus luteum

Answer 43

Ruptured follicle after ovulation

Question 44

3 uterine phases

Answer 44

Menstrual, proliferative and secretory

Question 45

Menarche

Answer 45

First menstrual period

Question 46

Progesterone

Answer 46

Maintains the endometrium (especially during pregnancy)

Question 47

What hormone is high in the proliferative phase (helps rebuild the uterus)?

Answer 47

Estrogen

Question 48

How long after ovulation is an egg viable?

Answer 48

24 hours

Question 49

How long does sperm remain viable in the reproductive tract?

Answer 49

3 days