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Anatomy > Reproductive System > Flashcards

Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the sac that encloses the testes?

A

Scrotum

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2
Q

What are the roles of the cremaster and dartos muscles?

A

Function in temperature control of the testes

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3
Q

Seminiferous tubules

A

Tightly coiled tubes that produce sperm

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4
Q

What produces androgens?

A

Leydig cells (in between seminiferous tubules)

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5
Q

Epididymis

A

Region where sperm mature (3 weeks) and can be stored

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6
Q

What is another name for foreskin?

A

Prepuce

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7
Q

What are the erectile tissue of the penis?

A

Corpora cavernosa (2)

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8
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Produce 70% of semen that mix with sperm from vas deferens; gives nutrients

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9
Q

Prostate

A

Produces 30% of semen that activates sperm

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10
Q

Bulbo-urethral glands

A

Produces mucus to clear any remaining urine in the urethra and acts a lubricant

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11
Q

What are the functions of secretions of the accessory glands?

A

Transport medium, nutrients and chemicals that protect/activate sperm

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12
Q

Where is GnRH released from?

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

What does the release of GnRH stimulate?

A

The release of FSH and LH

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14
Q

FSH (in regards to male)

A

Stimulates spermatogenesis

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15
Q

LH (in regards to male)

A

Stimulates release of testosterone from Leydig cells

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16
Q

Acrosome

A

Enzyme that adheres to top of nucleus of sperm which allow to sperm to enter egg

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17
Q

What are the 2 compartments of the sertoli cells?

A

Basal and adluminal

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18
Q

Purpose of sertoli cells

A

Provide blood-testis barrier, move sperm into lumen, produce nutrients and androgen-binding protein

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19
Q

3 ligaments that anchor the ovaries

A

1)Mesovarium
2)Suspensory
3)Ovarian

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20
Q

What is the outer covering of an ovary?

A

Germinal epithelium

21
Q

Once a follicle has been ovulated every month, what is left inside the ovary?

A

A corpus luteum

22
Q

3 parts of the fallopian tubes (lateral-medial)

A

Infundibulum, ampulla and isthmus

23
Q

Fimbriae

A

Fingerlike projections of the infundibulum that drape over the ovary

24
Q

What makes up the walls of the fallopian tubes?

A

Cilia and smooth muscle

25
Q

Cervix

A

Narrow neck from the uterus (i.o) to the vagina (e.o), that produces mucus

26
Q

Nulliparous

A

A woman who has not yet given birth

27
Q

3 parts of the uterus (surface to lumen)

A

Perimetrium, myometrium and endometrium

28
Q

2 stratum layers of endometrium

A

Functionalis and basalis

29
Q

What type of arteries do the stratum basalis and functionalis have?

A

Basalis: Straight
Functionalis: Spiral

30
Q

3 purposes of the vagina

A

Childbearing, passage for menstrual flow and entry for sperm

31
Q

When does an egg become an ovum?

A

After being fertilized by a sperm

32
Q

What does the follicle turn into after rupturing during ovulation?

A

Corpus luteum

33
Q

How many carbons do progestins, androgens and estrogens contain?

A

21,19,18

34
Q

2 key functions of the ovaries

A

Produce oocytes and reproductive hormones

35
Q

2 phases of the ovarian cycle

A

Follicular and luteal

36
Q

What enzyme converts testosterone into estradiol?

A

Aromatase

37
Q

Purpose of LH (in females)

A

Stimulates testosterone production and ovulation

38
Q

Purpose of FSH (in females)

A

Stimulates ovarian follicle growth and produces estradiol

39
Q

What cell compartment is responsive to LH?

A

Theca cells

40
Q

What cell compartment is responsive to FSH?

A

Granulosa cells

41
Q

Follicular phase

A

Phase before ovulation where the dominant follicle is chosen

42
Q

Luteal phase

A

Phase after ovulation where the corpus luteum is active

43
Q

Corpus luteum

A

Ruptured follicle after ovulation

44
Q

3 uterine phases

A

Menstrual, proliferative and secretory

45
Q

Menarche

A

First menstrual period

46
Q

Progesterone

A

Maintains the endometrium (especially during pregnancy)

47
Q

What hormone is high in the proliferative phase (helps rebuild the uterus)?

A

Estrogen

48
Q

How long after ovulation is an egg viable?

A

24 hours

49
Q

How long does sperm remain viable in the reproductive tract?

A

3 days

Anatomy (6 decks)

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