Digestive System Flashcards
Main functions of the digestive system
1)Break down to make available nutrients
2)Absorption of nutrients
3)Production of nutrients, hormones & neurotransmitters
2 subsections of organ groups
1)Alimentary canal
2)Accessory digestive organs
6 major steps of the digestive process
1)Ingestion
2)Mechanical Breakdown
3)Propulsion
4)Digestion
5)Absorption
6)Excretion
Peristalsis
Muscle contractions and relaxations to move food along the canal
Segmentation
Food breakdown and mixing to create a homogenized mixture
Visceral peritoneum
Membrane on external surface on the digestive organ
Parietal peritoneum
Membrane that lines body cavity
Peritoneal cavity
Fluid-filled space between peritoneums, adding lubrication
Mesentery
Double layer of peritoneum that holds organs in place
Intraperitoneal
Organs located within the peritoneum
Retroperitoneal
Organs located outside of the peritoneum
4 tissue layers of the alimentary canal
1)Mucosa
2)Submucosa
3)Muscularisa externa
4)Serosa
3 layers of the mucosa
1)Epithelium
2)Lamina propria
3)Muscularis mucosae
2 main nerve plexuses of the enteric NS
1)Submucosal
2)Myenteric
Myenteric nerve plexus
Located between circular and longitudinal muscles of the muscularis externa
What muscle are the lips composed of?
Orbicularis oris
What muslce are the cheeks composed of?
Buccinator
Ankyloglossia
Short lingual frenulum; tongue-tied
4 types of surface papillae of the tongue
1)Foliate
2)Filiform
3)Fungiform
4)Vallate
2 types of secretory cells of glands
1)Serous
2)Mucous
3 types of extrinsic salivary glands
1)Parotid
2)Sublingual
3)Submandibular
4 types of teeth
1)Incisors
2)Canines
3)Pre-molars (bicuspids)
4)Molars
Crown of a tooth
Exposed part above the gum
Root of a tooth
Embedded in the gum; attached to jawbone
