Reproductive System

Question 1

Testes

Answer 1

Secrete large amounts of androgens & small amounts of oestrogens

Question 2

Ovaries

Answer 2

Secrete large amounts of oestrogens & small amounts of androgens, Secrete progesterone; prepares uterus for pregnancy

Question 3

Spermatogenesis

Answer 3

• Divide by mitosis
• one remains in stem cell population
• the majority differentiate again by meiosis
• product 4 spertids

Question 4

Spermatids

Answer 4

Matures into sperm cell
Head covered by membrane that is only activated in fallopian tube

Question 5

Sertoli cells

Answer 5

Guides sperm to turn
Acts as barrier
Secrete fluid to remove immobile sperm
Transfer nutrients
Phagocytes

Question 6

Epididymis

Answer 6

Sperm undergo maturing
Secrets seminal fluid
Controlled by luminal testosterone-ABP complexes

Question 7

Vas deferent

Answer 7

Stores sperm for several months
Muscle layer to undergo peristaltic contractions upon tactile stimulation of penis

Propels sperm into the urethra during sexual intercourse

Question 8

Seminal vesicles

Answer 8

Secretes 60-70% of semen volume
Secrete fructose critical nutrient for sperm motility
Secrete semenogelins to induce coagulation of semen after ejaculation

Question 9

Prostate gland

Answer 9

Secretes 20-30% of semen volume
Secrete citrate, zinc, spermine and acid phosphatase to form thin milky fluid

Question 10

Sperm Count

Answer 10

60-100 x 10^6/ ml semen

Question 11

infertile sperm count

Answer 11

,20 x 10^6/ ml semen

Question 12

penis

Answer 12

separate walls of the vagina and deposit semen un end of vagina lumen
known as internal insemenation

Question 13

testosterone

Answer 13

regulates Sertoli cell function
promotes bone growth and protein anabolism

Question 14

DHT

Answer 14

required for changes during puberty

Question 15

oogenesis

Answer 15

oocytes are formed in developing ovary

Question 16

primordial follicles

Answer 16

at birth- 7,000,000
at menarche- 300,000
develop further- 30,000
released by ovulation- 500

Question 17

follicular stage 1

Answer 17

maturation of follicles
several months
paracrine factors stimulate growth
antimullerian hormone limits the number developing

Question 18

theca cells

Answer 18

able to catalyse androgen production from cholesterol

Question 19

granulosa cells

Answer 19

contain aromatase so they can convert the androgen to oestrogen

Question 20

Ovulation

Answer 20

release of ovum from ovary into Fallopian tube
erodes wall of ovary and follicle

Question 21

Luteal phase

Answer 21

formation of corpus lute and its fate
product is progesterone
oestrogen decrease due to LH

Question 22

if no pregnancy egg…

Answer 22

oestrogen and progesterone levels fall allowing FSH and LH levels to rise

Question 23

IN the 2 cell model of ovarian steroidogeneiss what is the hormone product of theca cells?

Answer 23

Androstenedione

Question 24

As surge in production of which hormones marks the midpoint in the ovarian cycle and triggers ovulations?

Answer 24

LH