Blood

Question 1

Function of blood

Answer 1

transports - gases, waste products of metabolism, hormones, enzymes, nutrients, plasma proteins, blood cells.
• maintain body temp
• control ph ( 7.35 - 7.45)
• regulation of blood fluid electrolytes
• removes to toxins from the body
• regulates blood clotting

Question 2

Blood composition

Answer 2

Blood:
55% plasma
1% white blood cells- leukocytes + platelets
44% red blood cells

Question 3

Plasma

Answer 3

• 55% of blood
  -serves to transport materials carried in blood
• plasma proteins, nutrients, waste products, dissolved gases

Question 4

Erythrocytes

Answer 4

primary function of RBC is the transport of oxygen
Indented
Disc shaped cells

Question 5

Structure/ function of red blood cells

Answer 5

contains haemoglobin helps transport oxygen
* haemoglobin has 2 parts
* the globin part - a protein made up of 4 chains
* four iron containing heam groups

Question 6

Haem group

Answer 6

Each globin has 1 haem group
Each haem group consists of porphyin that contains one atoms of iron

Question 7

Blood group ab

Answer 7

universal recipients, they can receive blood from any ABO group without developing a haemolytic transfusion reaction

Question 8

Blood group O

Answer 8

universal donors, their blood can be given to any other without developing a haemolytic transfusion reaction

Question 9

Platelet plug

Answer 9

• seals break & performs other functions
• further vasoconstriction
• plug releases chemical which play are in blood clotting
• compactions / strengthening

Question 10

Blood clotting

Answer 10

• Liquid blood turns into solid gel
• strengths platelet plug
• conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin
• red blood cells become enmeshed in the fibrin plug

Question 11

Thrombus

Answer 11

blood clot within vessel/heart

Question 12

Embolus

Answer 12

detached mass able to travel in a vessel

Question 13

Embolism

Answer 13

the lodging of an embolus

Question 14

Thrombo- embolism

Answer 14

blockage by a thrombus that has travelled

Question 15

Haemophilia A

Answer 15

deficiency in factor VIII X-linked recessive disorder

Question 16

Haemophilia B

Answer 16

deficiency in factor IX also known as Christmas disease

Question 17

Haemolytic transfusion reaction

Answer 17

Red blood cells of donated blood to an individual will gel & eventually lyse it recipient contains antibodies against them

Question 18

Vascular spasm

Answer 18

-Blood vessel constriction
- smooth muscle around cut or blood vessels immediately constricts slowing blood flow
- damaged cells & platelets release serotoni & ADP
- ends of endothelial pushed together adhere to each other

Question 19

Sickle cell anaemia

Answer 19

• Gene encoded in B chain of haemoglobin mutated
• Results in hb that polymerises at low PO2 crystal form
• RBC deform to sickle shape
• block small blood vessels

Question 20

Haemostasis

Answer 20

• stoppage of Bleeding from broken blood vessel
  3 steps

• vascular spasm (blood vessel constriction)
• formation of platelet plug
• blood coagulation