Reproductive system

Question 1

4. In the first step of spermatogenesis, spermatogonia differentiate into cells called
   a) spermatids.
   b) primary spermatocytes.
   c) secondary spermatocytes.
   d) spermatozoa.
   e) spermatophytes

Answer 1

B

Question 2

5. In the ovaries, androgens are produced
   by the
   a) Oogonia.
   b) Primary oocyte.
   c) First polar body.
   d) Theca cells.
   e) Granulosa cells.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

6. Fertilization normally takes place in the
   a) Ovaries.
   b) Uterine tube.
   c) Uterus.
   d) Cervix.
   e) Vagina

Answer 3

b

Question 4

7. During pregnancy, human chorionic gonadotropin is produced by the
   a) Anterior pituitary gland.
   b) Hypothalamus.
   c) Mammary gland.
   d) Ovaries.
   e) Placenta

Answer 4

E

Question 5

8. In the late luteal phase, why do estrogen
   and progesterone levels fall?
   a) Rupture of the dominant follicle
   b) Degeneration of the corpus luteum
   c) An inhibitory effect of LH on secretory
   activity of the corpus luteum
   d) The inhibitory effect of inhibin on the
   secretory activity of granulosa cells
   e) All of the above

Answer 5

B

Question 6

9. In the uterine cycle, which phase immediately precedes the proliferative phase?
   a) Menstrual phase
   b) Secretory phase
   c) Luteal phase
   d) Follicular phase

Answer 6

A

Question 7

10. Components of the blastocyst include
    a) The amnion and the blastocoele.
    b) The amnion and the inner cell mass.
    c) The blastocoele and the morula.
    d) The inner cell mass and the trophoblast.
    e) The morula and the trophoblast.

Answer 7

D

Question 8

11. In meiosis I, maternal and paternal chromosomes are segregated into separate
    daughter cells. (true/false)

Answer 8

T

Question 9

14. The undifferentiated germ cells in
    males are known as (spermatids/
    spermatogonia)

Answer 9

SPERMATOGONIA

Question 10

16. In the testes, androgens are secreted by
    (Sertoli cells/Leydig cells).

Answer 10

Leydig cells

Question 11

17. Spermatogenesis is stimulated by testosterone and (FSH/LH), which targets
    Sertoli cells.

Answer 11

FSH

Question 12

21. Follicle stimulating hormone mainly acts
    on (Leydig/Sertoli) cells in the testes.

Answer 12

SEROTOLI

Question 13

22. The second half of the ovarian cycle is
    called the (luteal/follicular) phase.

Answer 13

LUTEAL

Question 14

23. In a follicle, the oocyte is surrounded by a
    layer of (granulosa/theca) cells that provide it with nourishment and regulate its
    development.

Answer 14

GRANULOSA
(FOLLICLE SURROUNDED BY THECA

Question 15

26. During the (proliferative/secretory) phase
    of the uterine cycle, the lining of the
    uterus thickens under the influence of
    rising estrogen levels.

Answer 15

PROLIFERATIVE

Question 16

29. In the late follicular phase, LH secretion is
    stimulated by (estrogens/progesterone).

Answer 16

ESTROGEN

Question 17

30. Degeneration of the corpus luteum
    causes hormonal changes that trigger
    (ovulation/menstruation)

Answer 17

MENSTRUATION

Question 18

31. A zygote contains ____________ pairs of
    autosomes.

Answer 18

22

Question 19

32. Secretory-phase uterine conditions are
    promoted by (estrogen/progesterone),
    which inhibits gonadotropin secretion
    during the last half of the ovarian cycle.

Answer 19

PROGESTERONE

Question 20

n what region of the testes are sperm produced?

seminiferous tubules
vas deferens
epididymis
efferent ductules

Answer 20

seminiferous tubules

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a function of Sertoli cells?

secrete androgens

secrete paracrines that stimulate spermatogenesis

provide nutrients for developing sperm

secrete fluid into the lumen of seminiferous tubules to support sperm development

Answer 21

secrete androgens

Question 22

A follicle in its earliest stage of development is called a ________ and contains a(n) ________.

primordial follicle : oogonia
primordial follicle : primary oocyte
Graafian follicle : primary oocyte
primary follicle : primary oocyte

Answer 22

primordial follicle : oogonia

Question 23

During the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, one follicle (the dominant follicle) will continue to develop because its cells
maintain estrogen secretion in the face of falling FSH levels.
have a diminished response to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).
are unresponsive to luteinizing hormone (LH).
are no longer able to secrete estrogen.

Answer 23

maintain estrogen secretion in the face of falling FSH levels.

Question 24

What does the surge in plasma luteinizing hormone that occurs at the beginning of the luteal phase trigger?

both ovulation and stimulation of the first meiotic division
both ovulation and development of the corpus luteum
stimulation of the first meiotic division only
development of the corpus luteum only

Answer 24

both ovulation and stimulation of the first meiotic division

Question 25

The secretion of estrogen and progesterone by the corpus luteum during pregnancy is maintained by ________ until the corpus luteum degenerates and the ________ takes over secretion of these hormones.

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) : placenta
luteinizing hormone (LH) : endometrium
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) : endometrium
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) : fetus

Answer 25

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) : placenta

Question 26

Which one of the following represents a feedback loop in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis?

Androgen secretion decreases LH secretion
GnRH secretion decreases FSH secretion
LH secretion decreases GnRH secretion
FSH secretion reduces GnRH secretion

Answer 26

Androgen secretion decreases LH secretion

Question 27

Which one of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of the female reproductive system?

cyclic changes in activity dictated by hormones

restricted periods of fertility when ovulation occurs

gamete production that begins at birth

limited gamete production that decline through life

Answer 27

gamete production that begins at birth

Question 28

The menstrual phase coincides with which phase in the ovarian cycle?

Secretory
Luteal
Proliferative
Follicular

Answer 28

Follicular