L21: ENDO

Question 1

glycogenesis

Answer 1

storage of glucose into glycogen

Question 2

glycogenolysis

Answer 2

glycogen to glucose at liver

Question 3

gluconeogenesis

Answer 3

non carbs. (amino acids, gycerol) into glucose

Question 4

glycolysis

Answer 4

glucose into ATP

Question 5

For each of the following processes, indicate whether it
is promoted by insulin or by glucagon: gluconeogenesis,
glucose uptake by cells, glycogenolysis, glycogen synthesis,
catabolism of energy stores, protein synthesis, a decrease in
blood glucose levels, triglyceride synthesis, lipolysis.

Answer 5

• gluconeogenesis: glucagon
• glucose uptake by cells: insulin
• glycogenolysis: glucagon
• glycogen synthesis: insulin
• catabolism of energy stores: glucagon
• protein synthesis: insulin
• a decrease in blood glucose levels: glucagon
• triglyceride synthesis: insulin
• lipolysis: glucagon

Question 6

1. Which of the following is true regarding
   skeletal muscles, but not the liver?
   a) Serve as the major source of plasma glucose in the post absorptive state
   b) Do not break down glycogen to
   glucose-6-phosphate
   c) Lack the enzyme
   glucose-6-phosphatase

Answer 6

C

Question 7

3. Which of the following cells of the
   pancreas secrete insulin?
   a) Alpha cells
   b) Beta cells
   c) Delta cells
   d) Exocrine cells
   e) Duct cells

Answer 7

B

Question 8

5. Glucagon secretion reduces followed by an increase in the levels of:
   a) Plasma amino acids.
   b) Plasma epinephrine.
   c) Plasma glucose.
   d) Sympathetic activity.

Answer 8

C

Question 9

6. Which of the following hormones leads to
   an increase in triglyceride levels?
   a) Cortisol
   b) Epinephrine
   c) Growth hormone
   d) Insulin
   e) Thyroid hormone

Answer 9

D

Question 10

The body stores most of its energy in the
form of (glycogen/triglycerides).

Answer 10

triglycerides

Question 11

12. Under normal conditions, ___________ is
    the sole source of energy for the cells of
    the central nervous system.

Answer 11

glucose

Question 12

14. Breakdown of triglycerides yields fatty
    acids and ___________, which can be used
    by cells for energy.

Answer 12

glycerol

Question 13

T15. he rate of energy intake is always lower
than the rate of energy expenditure in the
(absorptive/postabsorptive) state.

Answer 13

post-absorptive

Question 14

16. Glycogen is mainly stored in the (liver/
    skeletal muscles).

Answer 14

Skeletal muscles

Question 15

18. Energy that is taken into the body is either
    stored or appears as work or .