REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards
primary sex organs
produce gametes (sex cells) and secrete hormones
Gonads
Gonads: testes
Males
Gonads: Ovaries
Female
What does the testes produce
Sperm
What does the ovaries produce
Ova (eggs)
Duct system
Name 3
Epididymis
Ductus (vas) deferens
Urethra
Male Accessory organs
Name 3
Seminal glands (vesicles)
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands
Male External Genitalia
Name 2
Penis
Scrotum
Each testis is connected to the trunk via the _______?
spermatic cord
Spermatic cord houses the ff:
Name 3
Blood vessels
Nerves
Ductus Deferens
Covering of the testes: Capsule that surrounds each testis
Tunica Albuginea
Covering of the testes: Extensions of the capsule that extend into the
testis and divide it into lobules
Septa
Each lobule contains one to four seminiferous tubules. What are its 3 functions?
o Tightly coiled structures
o Function as sperm-forming factories
o Empty sperm into rete testis
Sperm travels from the ____ to the ___
rete testis; epididymis
Sperm travels from the ____ to the ___
rete testis; epididymis
In the seminifurous tubules and produce androgens such as testosterone
Interstitial cells (Leydig cells)
TRUE OR FALSE
Is testosterone an Androgen?
TRUE
This transport sperm from the body
System
Duct System
- highly convoluted 6m (20 ft) long
- found along the posterior lateral side of the testis
Epididymis
- first part of the male duct system
- temporary storage site for immature sperm
Epididymis
- first part of the male duct system
- temporary storage site for immature sperm
Epididymis
TRUE OR FALSE
Sperm matures as they journey through the epididymis
TRUE
- During ejaculation, sperm are propelled to the ____
d.d.
ductus deferens
runs from the epididymis via the spermatic cord through the
inguinal canal and arches over the urinary bladder
Ductus (vas) deferens
end of the ductus deferens, which empties
into the ejaculatory duct
Ampulla
passes through the prostate to merge with the urethra
Ejaculatory duct
The vas deferens moves sperm by ______ into the urethra
peristalsis
smooth muscle in the walls of the ductus deferens
create peristaltic waves to squeeze sperm forward
Ejaculation
cutting of the ductus deferens at the level of the testes
prevents transportation of sperm (form of birth control)
Vasectomy
- extends from the base of the urinary bladder to the tip of the penis
Urethra
TRUE OR FALSE
Urethra carries urine ONLY
FALSE. Urethra carries both URINE and SPERM
TRUE OR FALSE
sperm enters from the ejaculatory duct
TRUE
URETHRA REGIONS
– surrounded by the prostate gland
Prostatic Urethra
URETHRA REGIONS
prostatic urethra to penis
Membranous Urethra
URETHRA REGIONS
runs the length of the penis
to the external urethral orifice
Spongy (penile) urethra
Ejaculation – causes the i____ to close
internal urethral sphincter
Ejaculation prevents what?
name 2
o prevents urine from passing into the urethra
o prevents sperm from entering the urinary bladder
- located at the base of the bladder
- produce a thick, yellowish secretion (60% of semen)
Seminal Vesicles
Seminal Vesicles produce a secretion that contains what?
name 4
o Fructose (sugar)
o Vitamin C
o Prostaglandins
Other substances that nourish and activate sperm
Pros§ groups of lipids that aide for helping in sperm viability
§ can also act as hormones that control processes such as inflammation, blood flow, formation of blood clot and induction of labor
Prostaglandins
- encircles the upper (prostatic) part of the urethra
- secretes a milky fluid
Prostate
Prostate secretes milky fluid
o helps to activate sperm
o fluid enters the urethra tthorugh several small ducts
- pea-sized glands inferior to the prostate
- produce a thick, clear mucus
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS mucus functions to what?
o mucus cleanses the spongy (penile) urethra of acidic
urine prior to ejaculation
o mucus serves as a lubricant during sexual intercourse
milky white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
Semen
TRUE OR FALSE
In the semen, the milky white mixture of sperm and accessory gland secretions
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
In the semen, sperm are streamlined cellular “tadpoles”
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
fructose provides energy for sperm cells
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
alkalinity of semen helps neutralize the acidic
environment of vagina
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE
Semen inhibits bacteria
TRUE
o divided sac of skin outside the abdomen that houses the testes
o viable sperm cannot be produced at normal body temperature
o maintain testes at 3 degrees C lower than normal body temperatures
Scrotum
male organ of copulation that delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract
Penis
internally there are three areas of __ tissue around the urethra
spongy erectile
erections occur when this erectile tissue fills with blood during sexual excitement
What are the 2 chief roles of male reproductive process
o produce sperm
o produce a hormone, testosterone
o begins at puberty and continues throughout life
o millions of sperm are made every day
Sperm production
Where are sperms formed?
also found in the testis
seminiferous tubules
begin the process of sperm
by dividing rapidly
Spermatogonia (primitive stem cells)
SPERM”
During puberty – ___ is secreted in increasing amounts
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
- Each division of a spermatogonium stem cell produces :
TYPES
TYPE A AND B DAUGTHER CELLS
Produce by spermatogonium cell; a stem cell that continues the stem cell population
Type A daughter cell
Produce by spermatogonium cell; this becomes a primary spermatocyte, destined to undergo meiosis and form four sperm
Type B daugther cell