Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kris > Lymphatic System and Body Defenses > Flashcards

Lymphatic System and Body Defenses Flashcards

1
Q

Forms mechanical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens and other harmful substances into body.

A

Intact skin (epidermis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Propel debris-laden mucus away from lower respiratory passages.

A

Cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Provides resistance against acids, alkalis, and bacterial enzymes.

A

Keratin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Form mechanical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens.

A

Intact mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Systemic response triggered by pyrogens; high body temperature
inhibits multiplication of bacteria and enhances body repair
processes.

A

Fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Filter and trap microorganisms and other airborne particles in nasal passages

A

Nasal hairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Traps microorganisms in respiratory and digestive tracts.

A

Mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Group of plasma proteins that lyses microorganisms, enhances phagocytosis by opsonization, and intensifies inflammatory response.

A

Complement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Normally acid pH inhibits bacterial growth; urine cleanses the lower urinary tract as it flushes from the body.

A

Fluids with acid pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Promote cell lysis by direct cell attack against virus-infected or
cancerous body cells; do not depend on specific antigen recognition.

A

Natural killer cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Continuously lubricate and cleanse eyes (tears) and oral cavity
(saliva); contain lysozyme, an enzyme that destroys microorganisms.

A

Lacrimal secretion (tears); saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Inhibits growth of bacteria and fungi in female reproductive tract.

A

Acid mantle of vagina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Skin secretions make epidermal surface acidic, which inhibits
bacterial growth; sebum also contains bacteria-killing chemicals.

A

Acid mantle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Engulf and destroy pathogens that breach surface membrane
barriers; macrophages also contribute to immune response.

A

Phagocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contains concentrated hydrochloric acid and protein-digesting
enzymes that destroy pathogens in stomach

A

Gastric juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contains concentrated hydrochloric acid and protein-digesting
enzymes that destroy pathogens in stomach

A

Gastric juice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Proteins released by virus-infected cells that protect uninfected tissue cells from viral takeover; mobilize immune system.

A

Interferons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Attached to B cell; free in plasma

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When bound to B cell membrane,
serves as antigen receptor; first
Ig class released by plasma
cells during primary response;
potent agglutinating agent; fixes
complement.

A

IgM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Most abundant antibody in
plasma; represents 75–85%
of circulating antibodies

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Some (monomer) in plasma;
dimer in secretions such as
saliva, tears, intestinal juice,
and milk

A

IgA

21
Q

Believed to be cell surface receptor
of immunocompetent B cell;
important in activation of B cell.

A

IgD

22
Q

Secreted by plasma
cells in skin, mucosae
of gastrointestinal and
respiratory tracts, and tonsils

A

IgE

23
Q

Binds to mast cells and basophils
and triggers release of histamine
and other chemical mediators of
inflammation and some allergic
responses.

A

IgE

24
Q

Main antibody of both primary
and secondary responses;
crosses placenta and provides
passive immunity to fetus; fixes
complement

A

IgG

25
Q

Bathes and protects mucosal surfaces from attachment of
pathogens.

A

IgA

26
Q

Believed to be cell surface receptor
of immunocompetent B cell;
important in activation of B cell.

A

IgD

27
Q

Group of bloodborne proteins activated after binding to antibody-covered antigens; when
activated, complement causes lysis of the microorganism and enhances inflammatory
response.

A

Complement

28
Q

Protein produced by a B cell or its plasma-cell offspring and released into body fluids
(blood, lymph, saliva, mucus, etc.), where it attaches to antigens, causing neutralization,
opsonization, precipitation, or agglutination, which “marks” the antigens for destruction
by phagocytes or complement.

A

Antibody (immunoglobulin)

29
Q

Chemicals released by sensitized T cells, macrophages, and certain other cells:

A

Cytokines

30
Q

inhibits” macrophage migration and keeps them
in the local area.

A

Migration inhibiting factor (MIF)—”

31
Q

Helper factors

A

enhance antibody formation by plasma cells.

32
Q

stimulates T cells and B cells to proliferate; activates NK cells.

A

Interleukin 2—

33
Q

suppress antibody formation or T cell–mediated immune
responses (interleukin-10 transforming growth factor and others).

A

Suppressor factors—

34
Q

—secreted by lymphocytes; helps make tissue cells resistant to
viral infection; activates macrophages and NK cells; enhances maturation of cytotoxic
T cells.

A

Gamma interferon—

35
Q

attract leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) into
inflamed area.

A

Chemotactic factors—

36
Q

Like perforin, causes cell killing; attracts granulocytes; activates T cells and macrophages.

A

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)

37
Q

Slows or stops the activity of B and T cells once the infection (or attack by foreign cells)
has been conquered. Thought to be important in preventing autoimmune diseases.

A

Regulatory T cell

38
Q

A T cell that binds with a specific antigen presented by an APC; it stimulates the
production of other immune cells (cytotoxic T cells and B cells) to help fight the invader;
acts both directly and indirectly by releasing cytokines.

A

Helper T cell

39
Q

Antibody-producing “machine”; produces huge numbers of the same antibody
(immunoglobulin); specialized B cell clone descendant.

A

Plasma cell

40
Q

Lymphocyte that resides in the lymph nodes, spleen, or other lymphoid tissues, where it is
induced to replicate by antigen-binding and helper T cell interactions; its progeny (clone
members) form plasma cells and memory cells.

A

B cell

41
Q

Activity enhanced by helper T cells; its specialty is killing virus-invaded body cells, as well
as body cells that have become cancerous; involved in graft rejection.

A

Cytotoxic T cell

42
Q

Any of several cell types (macrophage, dendritic cell, B cell) that engulfs and digests
antigens that it encounters and presents parts of them on its plasma membrane for
recognition by T cells bearing receptors for the same antigen; this function, antigen
presentation, is essential for normal cell-mediated responses. Macrophages and dendritic
cells also release chemicals (cytokines) that activate many other immune cells.

A

Antigen-presenting cell
(APC)

43
Q

Descendant of an activated B cell or T cell; generated during both primary and secondary
immune responses; may exist in the body for years thereafter, enabling it to respond
quickly and efficiently to subsequent infections or meetings with the same antigen.

A

Memory cell

44
Q

Substance capable of provoking an immune response; typically a large, complex molecule
not normally present in the body.

A

Antigen

45
Q

Perforin, granzymes—cell toxins released by cytotoxic T cells and NK cells.

A

Cytotoxins

46
Q

chief antibody ammunition
used against cellular antigens

A

Complement fixation

47
Q

cross-linking reaction in which
antigen-antibody complex settles out of solution

A

Precipitation:

48
Q

antibody-antigen reaction that
causes clumping of cells

A

Agglutination:

48
Q

antibodies bind to specific sites on
bacterial exotoxins or on viruses that can cause cell
injury

A

Neutralization

Kris (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions