Reproductive system Flashcards
Where are the follicles located within the ovary?
Outer cortex
Where are the follicles located within the ovary?
Outer cortex
What is the fibrous outer coat of the ovary called?
Tunica albuginea
In which part of the uterine tube does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla (wider part of tube)
What is the narrowest part of the uterine tube called?
Isthmus (junction between uterine tube and uterine body)
How does the shape of the cervix change after childbirth?
Changes from normal nulliparous to normal parous (slit-shaped)
Which type of epithelium lines the cervix?
Squamous
What structure holds the uterus in position?
Round ligament
What is the vestibule? (human)
Area between the labia where openings for the vagina and urethra are
What is the fibrous outer coat of the ovary called?
Tunica albuginea
In which part of the uterine tube does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla (wider part of tube)
What is the narrowest part of the uterine tube called?
Isthmus (junction between uterine tube and uterine body)
How does the shape of the cervix change after childbirth?
Changes from normal nulliparous to normal parous (slit-shaped)
Which type of epithelium lines the cervix?
Squamous
What structure holds the uterus in position?
Round ligament
Which type of epithelium lines the vagina?
Non-keratinised stratified squamous
What is the female homologue of the penis?
Clitoris
What parts compose the broad ligament?
Mesovarium (around ovary), mesosalpinx (around uterine tube) and mesotrium (around uterus)
What is the blood supply to the female reproductive tract?
Ovarian artery (from aorta, around L2) and uterine and vaginal arteries (branch of internal iliac artery)
How does a horse ovary differ from humans/other domestic species?
Follicles are in medulla, smooth externally
Which class of animal only has one ovary?
Birds and some reptiles
What type of uterus do dogs/sheep/pigs/horses have?
Bicornuate (small uterine body with uterine horns)
What is the cloaca?
Common opening for excretion/defaecation/copulation in birds and reptiles
What is the corpus spongiosum?
- Surrounds urethra
- Forms bulb which attaches to perineal membrane
- Forms glans
What is the role of the accessory sex glands? (seminal vesicles and prostate gland)
Produce fluid which is the diluent for sperm
What is the ‘lifeline’ of the testis?
Spermatic cord
How do the testis reach their final position?
Migrate through a hole in the abdominal wall called the inguinal canal
How long does it take sperm to travel through the epididymis?
12-16 days
What are the 3 different parts of the male urethra?
Prostatic, membranous and spongy/penile
What are the corpora cavernosa?
- Paired cavernous bodies in the penis
- Main erectile bodies of the shaft
- Attached to perineal membrane via crura
What is the corpus spongiosum?
- Surrounds urethra
- Forms bulb which attached to perineal membrane
- Forms glans
Where do the penile arteries arise from?
Internal pudendal artery (branch of iliac artery)
How is genetic sex determined?
Presence of SRY protein (a single transcription factor) - SRY = male
Where do the gonads begin to develop embryologically?
Genital (gonadal) ridges
What type of epithelium lines the mammary glands?
Cuboidal epithelium (surrounded by myoepithelial cells)
How is genetic sex determined?
Presence of SRY protein (a single transcription factor) - SRY = male
Where do the gonads begin to develop embryologically?
Genital (gonadal) ridges
What type of epithelium lines the mammary glands?
Cuboidal epithelium (surrounded by myoepithelial cells)
What is the difference between oestrus and menses?
Oestrus = lining resorbed; menses = lining shed
Which animals are induced ovulators?
Cat and rabbits
What are the 4 foetal membranes?
Amnion, chorion, allantois and yolk sac
What does the foetal placenta develop from?
Foetal chorion and maternal endometrium
What is the function of the ductus venosus?
Allows majority of oxygenated blood to bypass liver in the foetus
What is the function of the foramen ovale?
Allows oxygenated blood to pass from right to left atrium (bypass pulmonary circulation)
What is the function of the ductus arteriosus?
Allows deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs (connects pulmonary trunk to aorta)
What type of epithelium lines the uterine tube?
Ciliated columnar
What are the 3 layers of the human uterus?
Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
