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Anatomy 1B > GI System > Flashcards

GI System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the general layers of the GI tract (inner to outer)

A

Mucosa, submucosa, tunica muscularis, serosa/adventitia

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2
Q

What are the accessory digestive organs?

A

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, (spleen)

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3
Q

What is the blood supply to the foregut structures?

A

Coeliac trunk

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4
Q

What is the blood supply to the midgut structures?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the hindgut structures?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

What is the blood drainage structure?

A

Hepatic portal vein (takes nutrients from the gut to the liver to be synthesised/detoxified)

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7
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the GI tract?

A

Vagus nerve (CNX) supplies the foregut and midgut; pelvic splanchnic nerves supply the hindgut, reproductive viscera and bladder

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8
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the GI tract organs?

A

Sympathetic efferents arising from T1-L2 and synapsing in the relevant ganglia (coeliac/mesenteric)

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9
Q

What are the muscles of the dorsal/posterior abdominal wall?

A

Quadratus lumborum, psoas, iliacus

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10
Q

Which nerves innervate the muscles of the abdominal wall?

A

Anterior/ventral rami of spinal nerves T7-L1

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11
Q

What is the blood supply to the abdominal wall?

A

Superior/inferior (cranial/caudal) epigastric artery

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12
Q

What is the peritoneum composed of?

A

Single layer of mesothelium supported by fibroelastic tissue

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13
Q

Which organs are intraperitoneal? (SALTD SPRSS)

A

Stomach, appendix, liver, transverse colon, duodenum (first part)
Small intestines, pancreas (tail), rectum (upper third), spleen, sigmoid colon

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14
Q

Which organs are retroperitoneal? (SAD PUCKOR)

A

Suprarenal glands, aorta, duodenum (last 2/3rds)

Pancreas (not tail), ureter, colon, kidneys, oesophagus, rectum

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15
Q

What is the embryological origin of the mesentery?

A

Dorsal and ventral mesogastrium

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16
Q

What is the sphincter muscle surrounding the mouth?

A

Orbicularis oris

17
Q

Where is the tongue attached to?

A

Hyoid bone and mandible

18
Q

What type of epithelium does the tongue have?

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous

19
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies motor control of the tongue?

A

CNXII Hypoglossal nerve

20
Q

Which cranial nerve supplies sensory information of tongue?

A

Glossopharyngeal (CNIX) and mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CNV3)

21
Q

What are the 3 major types of dentition?

A

Acrodont, pleurodont, thecodont

22
Q

Which type of salivary glands do humans have?

A

Parotid, sublingual and submandibular

23
Q

Which type of salivary glands do quadrupeds have?

A

Parotid, sublingual, mandibular and buccal/zygomatic (cheek)

24
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis, masseter, lateral pterygoid and medial pterygoid

25
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular division of trigeminal nerve (CNV3)

26
Q

What is the purpose of the crop in birds?

A

Storage and softening of food before entry into the proventriculus

27
Q

What are the 4 parts of the ruminant stomach?

A

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

28
Q

What is the function of the abomasum?

A

Highly acidic enzymatic digestion

29
Q

What is the special digestive structure found in infant ruminants?

A

Ruminoreticular groove to bypass rumen

30
Q

which wiggly artery is the pancreas closely associated with?

A

Splenic artery

31
Q

What type of epithelium lines the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar

32
Q

Which nerve innervates the jejunum/ileum?

A

Vagus nerve

33
Q

What are Brunner’s glands?

A

Glands in the duodenum secreting alkaline mucus to neutralise the acidic chyme from the stomach

34
Q

Which species have a spiral-shaped small intestine?

A

Ruminants (flat spiral) and pigs (conical spiral)

Anatomy 1B (6 decks)

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