Lower Urinary System

Question 1

What do the bladder walls consist of?

Answer 1

Smooth detrusor muscle

Question 2

What does the bladder inner lining (mucosa) consist of?

Answer 2

Mucosa is folded into rugae, lined with transitional epithelium (urothelium)

Question 3

What is the trigone and what does it do?

Answer 3

Triangular shape between ureteric orifices and internal urethral meatus, contains stretch receptors to detect when bladder is full

Question 4

Which nerve supplies the external urethral sphincter?

Answer 4

Pudendal nerve (somatic)

Question 5

Which artery(s) supply the bladder?

Answer 5

Superior/cranial and inferior/caudal vesical arteries (from internal iliac artery)

Question 6

Which vein drains the blood supply to the bladder?

Answer 6

Internal iliac vein

Question 7

Sensory innervation of bladder

Answer 7

General visceral afferents from stretch receptors

Question 8

Parasympathetic innervation and effects

Answer 8

Pelvic splanchnic nerves, contracts detrusor and relaxes internal sphincter = micturition

Question 9

Sympathetic innervation and effects

Answer 9

Hypogastric nerves, relaxes detrusor, contract internal sphincter = continence

Question 10

Which embryological layer does the bladder and urethra arise from?

Answer 10

Endoderm