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Anaphy > REPRODUCTIVE PPT > Flashcards

REPRODUCTIVE PPT Flashcards

1
Q

Reproductive Organs become active in puberty (true or false)

A

true

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2
Q

2 Reproductive Organs

A

Primary Sex Organs (Gonads) and Accessory Sex Organs

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3
Q

Main function of Male/Female Reproductive System

A

produce offspring

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4
Q

Fertilized Egg

A

zygote

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5
Q

MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM: Primary Sex Organ

A

Testes

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6
Q

Male Accessory Sex Organ(s)

A

Duct System
Accessory Glands
External Genitalia

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7
Q
  • 4 cm by 2 cm
  • Connected to trunk by Spermatic Cord
  • Tunica Albuginea (“White Coat”)
  • Seminiferous Tubules
  • Interstitial Cells
A

testes

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8
Q

DUCT SYSTEM

A

Epididymis, Ductus (Vas) Deferens, Urethra

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9
Q
  • 6m long
  • Posterior to the Testes
  • Maturation site of sperm cells
A

Epididymis

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10
Q
  • Runs upward from the epididymis
  • Passes through the following structures:
  • Inguinal Canal
  • Pelvic Cavity
  • Superior Aspect of the Urinary Bladder
  • Ampulla
  • Ejaculatory Duct
A

Ductus (Vas) Deferens

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11
Q
  • From base of urinary bladder to tip of penis
    Regions:
    Prostatic Urethra
    Membranous Urethra
    Spongy Urethra
A

Urethra

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12
Q

Regions:
Prostatic Urethra
Membranous Urethra
Spongy Urethra

A

Urethra

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13
Q
  • Base of the Urinary Bladder
  • Hollow
  • 6 to 7 cm
    Produces 60% of Seminal Fluid
A

seminal vesicles

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14
Q
  • Thick, yellowish
    Contains:
    Sugar (Fructose)
    Vitamin C
    Prostaglandins
A

Seminal Fluid

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15
Q
  • “Doughnut-Shaped”
  • Inferior to the urinary bladder
    Produces Prostate Fluid
A

Prostate Gland

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16
Q
  • Milky
  • Activates Sperm
A

prostate fluid

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17
Q

accessory glands

A

prostate gland and seminal vesicles

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18
Q

ACCESSORY GLANDS

A

Bulbourethral Gland

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19
Q
  • “Pea-Sized”
  • Inferior to the prostate gland
  • Secretes mucus that drains to the urethra when man is sexually excited
A

Bulbourethral Gland

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20
Q

Male EXTERNAL GENITALIA

A

scrotum
penis
penile erection

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21
Q
  • Sac of skin hanging outside of abdominal
    cavity
  • Hangs loosely under normal conditions;
    provides environment with a temperature
    3°C lower than normal body temperature
A

scrotum

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22
Q
  • Delivers sperm into the female reproductive
    tract.
    Externally, we see:
  • Shaft
  • Glans Penis (Tip)
  • Prepuce

Internally:
- Spongy erectile tissue

A

penis

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23
Q

PHYSIOLOGY

A

Spermatogenesis
Testosterone Production
Testosterone Production

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24
Q
  • Starts at puberty (lifetime)
  • Forms at the seminiferous tubules
  • Begins with spermatogonia ->
    sperm cells
A

Spermatogenesis

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25
Q

Stimulates the development of male
reproductive structures and male
secondary sexual characteristics

A

Testosterone Production

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26
Q

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM: Primary Sex Organ

A

ovaries

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27
Q

Female Accessory Sex Organ(s)

A

Duct System
External Genitalia and Perineum

28
Q

OVARIES

A
  • “Almond-Shaped”
  • Ovarian Follicles
  • Graafian Follicle/ Vesicular Follicle
  • Follicle Cells
29
Q

female DUCT SYSTEM

A

Uterine tubes
uterus
vagina

30
Q
  • Fallopian Tubes
  • Fertilization Sites
  • 10cm (4 in)
  • Infundibulum
  • Fimbrae
  • Contain Cilia to create wave-like
    movements that propel the oocy
A

uterine tubes

31
Q
  • Hollow organ
  • Suspended by uterosacral
    ligaments and round ligaments
    -body
  • fundus
    -cervix
A

uterus

32
Q

Layers of Uterine Wall

A

Endometrium
Myometrium
Perimetrium

33
Q
  • Tube-Like
  • 10cm (4 in)
  • Extends from the Cervix to the
    body exterior
  • Passageway of menstrual flow and
    the delivery of the infant
A

vagina

34
Q

thin fold of mucosa at the
distal end of the vagina

A

hymen

35
Q

female reproductive PHYSIOLOGY

A

oogenesis and hormone production

36
Q
  • Starts at the developing female fetus
  • Maturation of oocytes happens at puberty
  • Begins with oogonia -> secondary
    oocyte
A

oogenesis

37
Q
  • Stimulates the development of female
    reproductive structures and female
    secondary sexual characteristics
  • Aids in maintaining pregnancy and
    prepares breasts for lactation
A

Hormone production

38
Q

Cyclic changes in the ________ in response to changing levels of hormones in the blood

A

endometrium

39
Q

Cyclic production of estrogen and progesterone regulated by the anterior pituitary gonadotropic
hormones, FSH and LH.

A

true

40
Q

Uterine cycle AKA _____

A

menstrual cycle

41
Q

UTERINE CYCLE or menstrual cycle is Approx 28 days

A

true

42
Q

Shedding off (sloughing off) of endometrial
lining from uterine wall
- Detached tissues and blood pass through
vagina (menstrual flow or “period”)
- Day 5: Production of more estrogens in
ovaries

A

Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5)

43
Q
  • Regeneration of endometrium; formation of
    glands and increase in blood supply.
  • Ovulation occurs in the ovary at the end of
    this stage
A

Proliferative Phase (Days 6-14)

44
Q
  • Further increase in blood supply of
    endometrium
  • Secretion of nutrients from the endometrial
    glands (sustains embryo, if present) until
    implantation
  • If fertilization occurs, embryo secretes LH-like
    hormone human chorionic gonadotropin
    (hCG)to further stimulate corpus luteum
A

Secretory Phase (Days 15-28)

45
Q

If Fertilization
DOES NOT occur:
- Degeneration of the corpus
luteum towards the end of
Secretory Phase
- Decrease of LH

A

true

46
Q
  • The time period between the fertilization of an oocyte until birth
A

PREGNANCY

47
Q

time period between last menstrual cycle until birth

A

Gestation

48
Q

From fertilization through Week 8

A

Gestation

49
Q

from Week 9 through birth

A

Fetal Period

50
Q
  • Zygote
    When the sperm reaches a ovulated
    secondary oocyte
A

Fertilized oocyte

51
Q

Called Parturition
Occurs within 15 days of calculated due date

A

CHILDBIRTH

52
Q

the events that expel the infant from
the uterus

A

Labor

53
Q

Oxytocin and Prostaglandins

A

Hormones that initiate labor

54
Q

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IMBALANCES

A

Erectile Dysfunction
Prostate Cancer
Male Infertility

55
Q
  • Failure to achieve erection
  • Also called Impotence
A

Erectile Dysfunction

56
Q

Manifested with elevated PSA (Prostate
Specific Antigen) levels, esp. for Males
55 y/o and above
- Enlargement of the prostate also a
manifestation

A

prostate cancer

57
Q
  • Inability or reduced ability to produce
    offspring.
  • Commonly caused by low sperm count
    (less than 20 million sperm cells/ml)
  • May be caused by low levels of hormones
    (Testosterone, FSH, LH)
A

Male Infertility

58
Q

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM IMBALANCES

A

Amenorrhea
breast cancer
ectopic pregnancy
female infertility

59
Q

Absence of a menstrual cycle

A

amenorrhea

60
Q

2 types of amenorrhea

A

primary and secondary amenorrhea

61
Q

pituitary gland defect (no menstruation at beginning of puberty)

A

primary amenorrhea

62
Q

if a female has had normal menstrual cycles and later
stops menstruating (may also be pituitary gland-related)

A

secondary amenorrhea

63
Q
  • Commonly involve the epithelium of the
    mammary gland
  • Mutation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes
    (for 30-40% of inherited cancers)
    Environmental Factors:
    Exposure to ionizing radiation, high dietary
    fat intake and obesity
A

breast cancer

64
Q
  • If implantation occurs anywhere other than
    in the uterine cavity
A

Ectopic Preganancy

65
Q
  • Malfunctions of the uterine tubes
  • Decreased FSH and LH
  • Endometriosis
A

Female Infertility

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