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Reproductive Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Arrested at prophase I from birth to puberty. Will proceed from prophase I to metaphase II during ovulation. Completion of meiosis during fertilization.

A

Egg cell

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2
Q

Released by sertoli cells for negative feedback control FSH ?

A

Inhibin

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3
Q

Lactation is suppressed during pregnancy. Explanation?

A

Blood vessels of estrogen and progesterone are high.

Action of prolactin on the breast is inhibited by progesterone & estrogen.

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4
Q

Step in steroid hormone biosynthesis catalyzed by 5-a- reductase ? (2)

A
  1. Testosterone
  2. Dihydrotestosterone
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5
Q

What hormone increases the set point temperature in the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center?

A

Progesterone

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6
Q

Hormone secreted during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Progesterone

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7
Q

The source of estradiol, which contains high concentrations of aromatase and convert testosterone to estradiol.

A

Granulosa cells

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8
Q

Phase where there’s an increase levels of estradiol preparing the uterus to receive a fertilized egg?

A

Luteal phase

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9
Q

Effect of dopamine on prolactin secretion?

A

Decrease prolactin secretion

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10
Q

16/F , 46XY , Diagnosed with androgen insensitivity disorder, no uterus, cervix nor ovaries. What is the testosterone level?

A

Elevated serum testosterone, due to lack of androgen receptors on the anterior pituitary.

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11
Q

Which step in steroid hormone biogenesis occurs in the accessory sex target tissues of the male and is catalyzed by 5-alpha-reductase?

A

Testosterone to DHT

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12
Q

Type of human placenta?

A

Hemochorial type

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13
Q

Type of horses, pig, and ruminants placenta?

A

Epitheliochorial

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14
Q

Type of carnivores placenta?

A

Enotheliochorial type

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15
Q

Type of primates, rabbits and rodents placenta?

A

Hemochorial type

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16
Q

Male pseudohermaphroditism lack which enzyme?

A

5-alpha reductase

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17
Q

Three sources of estrogen during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy?

A
  1. Fetal adrenal gland
  2. Fetal liver
  3. Fetal placenta
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18
Q

Term for male without testes?

A

Eunuch

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19
Q

Hormones that act on Leydig cells and Sertoli cells respectively?

A

Leydig - LH
Sertoli- FSH

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20
Q

Corpus luteum involution occurs during?

A

10-12 days after ovulation

21
Q

Forms of testosterone in blood?

A

60% bound to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)
38% bound to Albumin
2% as free testosterone

22
Q

Neutralizes acidity of other fluids during ejaculation, enhancing fertility of sperm?

A

Prostatic fluid ( makes semen alkaline)

23
Q

Menstrual bleeding more than 7 days ?

A

Menorrhagia

24
Q

Anterior head of the sperm binds to this area in the ovum?

A

Oocyte Zona Pellucida

25
Q

Increases endometrial glandular secretion?

A

Progesterone

26
Q

Step in Spermatogenesis where all 46 chromosomes replicate?

27
Q

Mechanism for prevention of polyspermy?

A

Cortical reaction that modifies Zona Pellucida

28
Q

Initiating event in parturition?

29
Q

The SRY gene encodes?

A

Testes- Determining Factor

30
Q

Difference of Anabolic characteristics of Estrogen and Testosterone..

A

Estrogen: builds fat
Testosterone: builds muscles

31
Q

Trigger start of active phase in pregnancy?

32
Q

Portion where chorion attaches ?

33
Q

Barr body is?

A

Female chromosome

34
Q

Most important progestin?

A

Progesterone

35
Q

Hormone involved in fetal life?

A

Progesterone from corpus luteum ( placenta after 12wks)

36
Q

Determines the length of menstrual cycle?

A

Follicular stage

37
Q

Viability of sperm in the female genital tract?

A

1-5 days average of 3 days

38
Q

Predominant hormone during secretory phase?

A

Progesterone

39
Q

Sperm motility occurs in?

A

Epididymis

40
Q

Urine test for ovulation measures?

41
Q

LH is highest during?

42
Q

Male pattern baldness is an effect of?

A

DHT not testosterone

43
Q

Down regulates the progesterone receptors and estrogen receptor?

A

Progesterone

44
Q

Needed for development of female secondary sex characteristics?

A

Enzyme aromatase

45
Q

Site of fertilization?

46
Q

What are the actions of testosterone? (11)

A
  1. Differentiation of epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles.
  2. Descent of testes
  3. Inc bone and muscle mass
  4. Inc BMR
  5. Pubertal growth spurt
  6. Epiphyseal closure
  7. Growth of penis & seminal vesicles
  8. Deepening of voice
  9. Spermatogenesis
  10. Negative feedback on anterior pituitary
  11. Libido
47
Q

Responsible for lactation amenorrhea?

A

Prolactin

Moa: Inh GnRH prevents LH surge and consequently ovulation

48
Q

Stimulate sertoli cells to secrete Androgen binding protein (ABP) and not inhibin?

49
Q

Mechanism of penile erection? (6)

A
  1. Nitric Oxide
  2. Guanylate Cyclase
  3. cGMP
  4. Vascular Smooth Muscle Relaxation
  5. Vasodilation
  6. Penile erection

Physiology (11 decks)

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