Hema & Special Topics Flashcards
Difference between Innate & Adaptive Immune System?
Innate Immunity
- first line
- non specific
- doesn’t require prior exposure
- less powerful
Adaptive Immunity
- second line
- specific
- requires prior exposure
- more powerful
Normal values of Hgb of men and women?
Men 13.5 to17.5 g/dL
Women 12.0-15.5 g/dL
M = 13th letter of the alphabet
tWelve : Women
MOA of Heparin?
Binds to antithrombin III then inactivates thrombin & factor IX a.
H has 3 strokes
Defective cells in G6PD deficiency.
a. Howell jolly
b. Bite cells
c. Heinz cells
d. Target cell
Bite Cells / Degmacytes
Heinz bodies results in oxidized erythrocytes found in G6PD.
How many ml of O2 is carried by 1g of hemoglobin?
1.34mL
Initiates intrinsic pathway?
Factor XII - Hagemann Factor
Rare, autoimmune condition of pituitary gland with varying degrees of pituitary dysfunction?
Lymphocytic hypophysitis
Hemostasis steps? (4)
- Vascular constriction
- Loose platelet plug
- Blood coagulation
- Resolution
Blood element that removes particles trapped in alveoli?
Alveolar Macrophages ( Dust Cells)
Blood cell with extensive frosted-glass or ground glass cytoplasm?
Monocyte ( not macrophages)
Plasma proteins from the liver involved in innate immunity and inflammation?
Complement proteins
Delayed reaction allergy is due to?
Activated T cells
Patients with chronic granulomatous disease are prone to infections with? (5)
- S aureus
- Pseudomonas spp
- Aspergillus
- Nocardia spp
- Candida albicans
SPANC
Heat loss that occurs when ambient temperature increases?
Evaporation of Sweat
Disease associated with HLA-B8 ? (7)
- Myasthenia gravis
- Addisons disease
- Dermatitis herpetiformis
- Thyrotoxicosis
- Insulin dependent DM
- Chronic active hepatitis
- Sjorgen Syndrome
MAD TICS
Characteristic of Macrophages? ( 4)
- Activated by interferon gamma
- Phagocytizes cellular debris & senescent RBCs
- Acts as APC via MHC II
- Long life span compared to monocytes ( months to years)
Activation of complement system without antigen -antibody reaction occurs in?
Reaction to large polysaccharide molecules of bacteria viruses.
( Manan-binding Pathway / MB-Lectin Pathway)
Secreted by peritubular capillaries of the kidneys?
EPO
Secretion of basophils ? (4)
Histamine, Heparin, Bradykinin, Serotonin
Stratum basale / Germinativum is separated from the dermis by the basement membrane (basal lamina) and attached to the basement membrane by?
Hemidesmosomes
Links innate to adaptive immunity?
Dendritic cells
Ranked order of leukocytes according to number?
N > L> M > E > B
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil
New Le Mon so Eosin ang Baso
Found in the epidermis? (3)
- Merkel Cells ( basal layer of epidermis)
- Keratinocytes
- Sweat glands ( originate from the epidermis but are located in the dermis)
Found in sickle cell RBC?
Hemoglobin S or Hemoglobin SS
Functions of Complement Proteins? (3)
- Opsonization : serve as marker that makes it easier to phagocytize foreign bodies.
- Stimulate inflammation
- Membrane Attack Complex: Perforate foreign organisms -> Bacterial cell lysis
Function of IgD?
Enhances mucosal homeostasis and immune surveillance
Cytokine involved in chemotaxis of neutrophils, basophils and T cells?
IL-8
MOA of Cadmium Toxicity? (4)
- Interacts with calcium to cause osteoporosis
- Disturbs zinc metabolism
- Decreases plasma copper and ceruloplasmin
- Interacts with Iron causing anemia
Treatment for malignant hyperthermia?
Dantrolene
What is the basis for decompression sickness?
Rapid ascent causing nitrogen bubbles that block blood vessels
Inplants into teh uterine wall?
Blastocyst
Target of HIV?
T- helper cells
Percentile of cells in whole blood?
Hematocrit : 45% normal value
What are your anaphylatoxins? (3)
- C3a
- C4a
- C5a
