reproductive hormones

Question 1

TDF gene

Answer 1

In embryos that have Y chromosome, they are genetically make. Y chromosome carries a gene called tesits-determining factor (TDF) gene. The action of this
gene triggers the production of the male sex hormones.

Question 2

male hormones

Answer 2

Hypothalamus produces GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone). GnRH acts on anterior pituitary gland, causing it to release two different sex hormones : Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
LH works on interstitial cells to produce testosterones which is then needed to produce spermatogenesis when FSH targets Sertoli cells.
FSH also make Sertoli cells to produce inhibin which serves as negative feedback and act on anterior pituitary. Testosterone serves as negative feedback for LH as it acts on hypothalamus and anterior pituitary.

Question 3

Andropause

Answer 3

Decline in their testosterone level around age 40.
Prostate gland might grow gradually and cause discomfort and cancer.

Question 4

Follicular stage (ovarian cycle)

Answer 4

Day 0 when there is an increase in the levels of FSH by the anterior pituitary gland. FSH stimulate one follicle to mature. As follicle matures it releases estrogen and progesterone. The rising level
of estrogen in the blood acts on the
anterior pituitary to inhibit the release of FSH. At the same time, the estrogen triggers a sudden release of GnRH from the hypothalamus. This leads to a sharp
increase in LH production by the
anterior pituitary triggering ovulation the follicle bursts, releasing its ovum.

Question 5

Luteal stage (ovarian cycle)

Answer 5

Starts after ovulation occurs. once ovum is releases, LH causes the follicle to develop into a corpus luteum. The corpus luteum
secretes progesterone and some estrogen. As the levels of these hormones rise in the blood, they act on the anterior pituitary to inhibit FSH and LH production. The corpus luteum degenerates, leading to
a decrease in the levels of estrogen and progesterone. The low levels of these sex hormones in the blood cause the anterior pituitary to increase its secretion of FSH, and the cycle begins again