13.1

Question 1

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 1

Part of the nervous system. Does not produce any hormone of its own but stores ADH, and oxytocin which are produced in hypothalamus.

Question 2

Human growth hormone

Answer 2

For growth purposes. Stimulus is stress, fasting, exercise, genes, sleep.
Hypothalamus produces human growth hormone- regulating hormone and sends it to anterior pituitary where it produces Human growth hormone. hGH can act on its own onto various cells like muscle cells but the third gland is the liver which produces insulin like growth factors which helps in higher uptake of glucose.
protein stimulus, cell division, muscle growth cartilage and bones, increases fat metabolism, increase blood glucose from liver.

Question 3

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 3

hormone producing and secreting hormone. Produces human growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
Mostly trophic hormones. Hypothalamus to anterior pituitary to target gland.

Question 4

Thyroid gland

Answer 4

Produces thyroxine and needs iodine for it. Regulates metabolism and growth and development. Stimulus can be stress, cold. Hypothalamus produces thyroid stimulating hormone - regulating hormone and then the anterior pituitary gland produces thyroid stimulating hormone. next gland is thyroid gland where thyroxine is produces and it targets all over the body and normal growth happens throughout the body.
Negative feedback is just thyroxine going back to the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland to inhibit the release of the stimulating hormones.

Question 5

calcium

Answer 5

For proper functioning of skeletal, nervous and muscular systems. Most of the body calcium is tied up to the bones.

Question 6

Parathyroid gland

Answer 6

Parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone which regulates the level of calcium in the blood.
Stimulus is low calcium in blood. Then Parathyroid hormone is secreted and it goes to liver, and bones to release the stored calcium, kidneys to reabsorb more calcium and activate vitamin D which helps absorb more calcium from food.
result is that the blood calcium goes back to normal, negative feedback is when homeostasis is reached parathyroid gland stops producing the hormone.

Question 7

Calcitonin

Answer 7

Antagonistic to parathyroid hormone. It is produced by parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. Stimulus is more calcium in the blood which results in secretion of this hormone which decreases blood calcium levels by increasing the calcium uptake in the bones. Negative feedback is homeostasis and parafollicular cells stop producing calcitonin.

Question 8

Hypo

Answer 8

less than needed

Question 9

Hyper

Answer 9

more than needed