reproductive Health pt1 Flashcards
what hormone establishes female characteristics?
Estrogen
What are the functions of progesterone?
stabilize uterus
Mucus production
Lactation
Breast tissue development
correlates to pregnancy success
what relaxes then constricts uterine arteries
Prostaglandin
FSH function
follicle stimulating hormone
Responsible for maturity of egg
Does the luteinizing hormone decrease or increase estrogen?
Decreases estrogen
Follicular phase
Day 1 through 14
Immature follicle becomes mature by FSH
Oocyte grows in follicle
ovum discharged into fimbria of fallopian tube
what day of the ovarian cycle are woman most fertile?
Days 13 through 15
Luteal phase
days 15 through 28
Ovum leaves follicle, remains in Ampulla, if fertilized
reaches uterus 72 to 96 hours later, then implants in endometrium and secretes HCG
what happens if there’s no fertilization
Corpus luteum degenerates
where does the semen pool in the female anatomy?
Posterior fornix
What is the usual site for implantation of fertilized eggs?
Endometrium
Menstrual cycle
14 days after ovulation
Shedding of endometrial cells
Proliferative phase
endometrial cells enlarge, and thicken due to increase estrogen
Prep for egg implant
Secretory phase
follows ovulation
Progesterone causes marked swelling of epithelium
Ischemic phase
begins if no implantation occurs
Estrogen and progesterone decrease
Corpus luteum degenerates – bleeding
gametogenesis
Sperm and ovum are produced
oogenesis
Produces female gamete – ovum
all ova present at birth
Spermatogenesis
produces male gamete – sperm
Starts at puberty
Where does fertilization occur?
ampulla
what is the function of the yolk sac?
Nourishment before placenta forms
What is the function of the chorionic villi?
Gas exchange
fraternal twins
Two separate eggs, blastocytes, sperm
Identical twins
Single egg, sperm, blastocyte
Blastocyte later divides making two babies
amniotic fluid functions
Cushions fetus and umbilical cord
Allows position changes
Helps control temperature
Analyzed for Fetal health and maturity
what is amniotic fluid made of?
Albumin
Vernix
Fetal urine
Uric acid
Lethicin
sphingomyelin
Polyhydramnios
too much fluid
Greater than 2000 mL
Caused by multiple pregnancies, diabetes, baby can’t swallow
oligoHydroamnios
less than 400 mL of fluid
AFI less than five
Due to perfusion problem, HTN, kidney/bladder problem
what is the normal ratio of arteries to veins in the umbilical cord
2:1
does cutting the cord hurt the mom or the baby
No, no sensory innervation
Function of the placenta
immune properties, protects versus antibody production
Excretion of waste, CO2
Delivers oxygen
Nutrients, hormones (hCG, progesterone)
What part of the circulatory system has oxygenated blood of the fetus?
Umbilical vein
what part of the circulatory system secretes waste blood in a fetus
Umbilical arteries
