Birth Process Flashcards
Powers
primary – Uterine contractions
Secondary – Maternal pushing efforts, voluntary, bearing down
passage
Maternal pelvis and soft tissues
Dilation and effacement
passenger
Fetus and membranes and placenta
psyche
Maladaptive inability to cope
Adaptive augments natural birth
Ferguson reflex
Woman feels urge to bear down
Cervix fully dilated and fetal head is fully engaged
Surge of oxytocin
Gynecoid pelvis
most common and favorable
Round, blunt ischial spines
Android pelvis
Male pelvis
Shaped like a heart
Difficult vaginal delivery
Risk for a C-section
Anthropoid pelvis
oral shaped
occiput posterior position
platypelloid pelvis
least common
Wide and flat
Fetal lie
Relationship of long axis of body to the long axis of mother
longitudinal/parallel – vertical, breach
Transverse – risk of distress
fetal attitude
Fetal body parts in relation to one another
normal-rounded back, chin to chest, arms crossed
fetal presentation
Cephalic
Shoulder
Breach
fetal head
1 Frontal bone
2 parietal bones
2 temporal bones
1 occipital bone
4 sutures
when does the anterior fontanelle close?
18 months
when does the posterior fontanelle close?
6 to 8 weeks
Fetal station
above ischial spines (-)
Below ischial spines (+)
Engagement
When presenting part reaches zero station
ballotable
Floating, not engaged
fetal position
R/L maternal pelvis
occiput, mentum, sacrum, acromion process
Anterior, posterior, transverse
what landmark should be used as a reference for position?
Back of the head
premonitory signs of impending labor
Lightening
Braxton Hicks
Cervical changes
Bloody show
ROM
Sudden burst of energy, nesting
Weight loss
G.I. upset
what is the main difference between true and false labor?
Dilation/effacement is progressive in true labor
first Latent Stage of labor.
longest
cervical dilation 0–3 cm
Contractions every 10–30 minutes , lasting 30 seconds, mild to moderate
nullipara – 8.6 hour
Multi para – 5.3 hour
First active stage of labor
dilation 4–7 cm
Contractions every 2–5 minutes, lasting 40–60/ seconds, moderate to strong
Nulli para - 4.6 hour.
Multi para – 2.4 hour.
first transition stage of labor
Dilation 8–10 cm
Contractions every 1.5–2 minutes, lasting 60–90/ seconds, strong.
nullipara– 3 hour
Multi para less than one hour
Be in room often, try not to push !
length of first stage of labor
Begins onset of true labor and ends when cervix is fully dilated
Second stage of labor
Pushing stage
Begins with complete dilation/effacement and ends with birth of baby
nullipara- up to 3 hours
Multi para - average 15 minutes
Mechanisms of labor
engagement
Descent
Flexion -Head/chin to chest
Internal rotation - occiput transverse to anterior
extension- Head/chin delivers
External rotation-Head position
Expulsion – birth
Kangaroo care functions
regulate temperature and HR
Bonding skin to skin
Increases oxytocin
Stimulates breasts
third stage of labor
After baby delivered until complete delivery of the placenta
Less than 30 minutes optimal
Pitocin IV. Bolus once placenta delivered.
signs of placental separation
Globular rise in abdomen
Gosh of blood
Increased protrusion of umbilical cord
dirty Duncan
Maternal side of placenta
shiny shultz
fetus and fetal membranes side
fourth stage of delivery
Delivery of placenta up to four hours after birth
thirsty/hungry
Shaking 1-2hours – CNS response
Bladder – hypotonic
Contracted uterus
normal amount of blood loss from vaginal delivery
250–500 ML
normal blood loss for a C-section
Less than 1000 ML
