newborn Flashcards
Apgar – appearance
Zero – blue and pale
One – acrocyanosis
Two – all pink
Apgar – pulse
zero – absent
One – less than 100
Two – more than 100
Apgar – grimace
Zero – no response
One – weak grimace
Two – coughing and crying
Apgar – activity
zero – limp
One – arms, and legs flexed
Two – strong tone, flexing
Apgar – respiration
Zero – absent
One – slow, irregular
two – good regular strong cry
what is the mechanical change during birth for newborns?
Fetal chest is compressed to squeeze fluid out of lungs
what type of delivery is less likely to be successful in squeezing fluid out of lungs?
C-section
what is the chemical stimuli to trigger the first breath?
Increased PC02
decreased PH and PO2
respiratory rate within first two hours of life
60-70 / min
respiratory rate two hours after life
30-60/min
periodic respirations
Normal
Pauses in breathing up to 20 seconds
Apneic, respirations
abnormal
Pause in breathing greater than 20 seconds
signs of respiratory distress
Nasal flaring
Intercostal retractions
Expiratory, grunting
Increased respiratory rate
is transient tachypnea progressive or rapid distress?
Progressive over 6–72 hours
T/F you should feed an infant orally with respiratory rate greater than 60
False, aspiration risk
how is surfactant development in Alveoli stimulated
Betamethasone
Rupture of membranes
normal heart rate for newborns
110-160
apical-1min!!
when can an infants heart rate drop?
During sleep
80–100
when can infants, heart rate elevate?
Crying
160–180
Convection
Warm body surface to cooler air temperature
radiation
Heated body surface to cooler object not in contact with baby
evaporation
Water turns to vapor
example – baby is wet after bath
conduction
Cooler surface by direct contact with baby
normal temperature range for baby
97.7–99.5°.
sx hypothermia
Hypotension
Hypoglycemia
Acrocyanosis
Mottled skin
Bradycardia
Tachypnea
Poor feeding
Decreased muscle tone
treatment for hypothermia
Skin to skin
Warm blanket
Increase room temperature
Recheck temp in 10 minutes
hyperthermia causes
Overheated by incubators, warmers
Excessive swaddling
Dehydration
sx hyperthermia
Tachycardia, tachypnea
Flushing
Lethargic
Poor feeding
consequences of hyperthermia
Hypotension
Seizures
Apnea
Hypernatremia
treatment for hyper thermia
Move away from heat source
undress as needed
Initiate breast-feeding to replace fluids
what should be done if acrocyanosis or central cyanosis is occurring
Place pulse ox
How did preterm and term babies resting posture compare
preterm are extended
Term are flexed
Who is likely to have more vernix a pre-or post term baby?
Preterm
is a term or post term baby more likely to have peeling skin
Post term
Cephalohematoma
Collection of blood in cranial bone and periosteal membrane
does not cross sutures
Increased jaundice, and BiliRubin
Anemia
caput succedaneum
Collection of fluid in the soft tissues, causing swelling
Crosses sutures
is subconjunctival hemorrhage worrisome?
No, resolves itself
transient strabismus
Cross eyed
doll eyes
When Head turns eyes move in opposite direction
Underdeveloped head eye coordination
What are Epstein’s pearls?
Cysts with keratin
does lanugo increase or decrease with age
Decreases
Who is more likely to have an umbilical hernia?
African-American infants
preterm male genitalia
Small scrotum
Testes palpable in inguinal canal
Male genitalia in term infants
testes in lower scrotum
Female genitalia for preterm infants
clitoris present
Small labia majora
Widely separated
hydrocele
Collection of fluid surrounding scrotum and testes
Hypospadia’s
Meatus on ventral spot of penis
Epispadias
Meatus on dorsal part of penis
cryptocordism
Failure for testes descend
should any male infants with genitalia variations be able to complete a circumcision
No, must see urology first
