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Chemo & Drug Assessment > Reproductive Endocrinology > Flashcards

Reproductive Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

name two gonadotrophis

A

LH and FSH

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2
Q

which two reproductive hormones are common to both males and females

A

LH and FSH

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3
Q

Name the reproductive hormones of the female reproductive system (5)

A
  • Gonadotrophin releasing hormone
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone
  • Lutinizing hormone
  • estradiol
  • progresterone
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4
Q

What are the primary sexual hormone in females

A

Estrogen

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5
Q
  • causes endometrial growth
  • ovulation
  • calcium absorption
A

estrogen

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6
Q

what are secondary sexual characteristics in the femal and which hormone are these influenced by

A
  • breast development
  • flaring of hips
  • pubic hair
  • muscle/fat ratio

Estrogen

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7
Q

What are three primary stages of the female reproductive system

A
  • follicular
  • ovulation
  • luteal
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8
Q

True/False: LH and FSH are produced in the pituitary, and estradiol and progesterone are produced in the ovaries.

A

True

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9
Q

True/False: Estradiol and progesterone secreted from the corpus luteum cause the endometrium to thicken.

A

True

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10
Q

True/False: Both progesterone and estradiol are produced by the follicles.

A

False

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11
Q

True/False: Secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus is inhibited by low levels of estradiol but stimulated by high levels of estradiol.

A

True

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12
Q

True/False: During the menstrual cycle, progesterone levels rise during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle and the secretory phase of the uterine cycle.

A

True

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13
Q

True/False: Menstruation occurs just after LH and FSH levels peak.

A

False

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14
Q

True/False: Menstruation occurs after progesterone levels drop.

A

True

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15
Q

True/False: Estrogen levels rise before ovulation, while progesterone levels rise after.

A

True

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16
Q

Which hormone causes Leydig cells to make testosterone?

FSH

LH

inhibin

estrogen

A

LH

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17
Q

Which hormone causes FSH and LH to be released?

testosterone

estrogen

GnRH

progesterone

A

GnRH

18
Q

Which hormone signals ovulation?

FSH

LH

inhibin

estrogen

A

Estrogen

19
Q

Which hormone causes the re-growth of the endometrial lining of the uterus?

testosterone

estrogen

GnRH

progesterone

A

progesterone

20
Q

If male reproductive pathways are not cyclical, how are they controlled?

A
  • Negative feedback through inhibin and testosterone
  • Inhibin is produced by Sertoli cells when the sperm count exceeds set limits.
  • The hormone inhibits GnRH and FSH, decreasing the activity of the Sertoli cells.
  • Increased levels of testosterone affect the release of both GnRH and LH, decreasing the activity of the Leydig cells, resulting in decreased testosterone and sperm production.
21
Q

Describe the events in the ovarian cycle leading up to ovulation.

A
  • Low levels of progesterone allow the hypothalamus to send GnRH to the anterior pituitary and cause the release of FSH and LH.
  • FSH stimulates follicles on the ovary to grow and prepare the eggs for ovulation.
  • As the follicles increase in size, they begin to release estrogen and a low level of progesterone into the blood.
  • The level of estrogen rises to a peak, causing a spike in the concentration of LH.
  • This causes the most mature follicle to rupture and ovulation occurs.
22
Q

True/False: Inhibin is produced by Seritoli cells

A

True

23
Q

which hormone controls spermatogenesis and how?

A
  • inhibin
  • when the sperm count is too high inhibin inhibits the release of GnRH and FSH, which will cause spermatogenesis to slow down.
  • If the sperm count reaches 20 million/ml, the Sertoli cells cease the release of inhibin, and the sperm count increases.
24
Q

when levels of testosterone rise, testosterone inhibits

A
  • the release of GnRH, FSH, and LH from the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
25
Q

which hormone is produced from Leydig cells

A

testosterone

26
Q

name the reproductive hormones for males and females

A
  • Gonadotrophins
  • Estrogens, progesterones, progestogens
  • Anti-estrogens & Anti-progestins
  • Androgens & Anabolic agents
  • Anti-Androgens
27
Q

what hormones are used to treat infertility

A
  • gonadotrophins
  • estrogen receptor antagonists (Clomiphene and Cyclofenil)
28
Q

which hormones can be used to treat endometriosis

A
  • Danazol
    • binds to estrogen and progesterone and inhibits GnRH release
  • Buserelin (GnRH)
29
Q

what happens when GnRH is present for periods of excess

A

decreases sensitivity of receptors of pituitary and stop release of FSH/LH

30
Q

what do anti-estrogens do

A
  • block the receptors for estrogens
    • increase GnRH and release of LH/FSH
    • increase sperm counts and ovulation
31
Q

what is the primary use of estrogens, progesterones and progesterin

A

contraception and HRT

32
Q

how do progesterone only contraceptives act

A
  • induce change in cervical mucous
  • hostile environment for sperm
  • endometrium unreceptive to fertilized eggs
33
Q

are progesterone only contraceptives more or less efficacious that combination estrogen/progesterone

A

less

34
Q

How are estrogens used in HRT

A
  • low dose
  • use in cyclical administration to avoid endometrial carcinoma
    • in menopausal woment menstruation does not occur so lining would not be shed, may cause growths
35
Q

what is the anti-progestin mifepristone used for

A
  • it is an abortifacient
  • causes abortion
  • blocks actions of progesterone and prevent implantation
36
Q

Tamoxifen is an

a) estrogen
b) anti-estrogen
c) progesterone
d) anti-progestin

A
  • anti-estrogen
    *
37
Q
  • used in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer
  • binds to estrogen receptor and blocks estrogen dependent transcription of cells
A

Tamoxifen

38
Q

Androgens and anabolic agents can be used in

A
  • hormone replacement therapy
    • under developed gonads
  • increasing muscle mass
39
Q

how do androgens or anabolic agents decrease sperm count

A

by exerting negative feedback on sertoli cells and hypothalamus

40
Q

anti-androgens are used to treat

A
  • libido and agression in male sex offenders
  • prostate cancer
41
Q

how do anti-androgens work for treatment of prostate cancer

A

bind to androgen receptors preventing growth by endogenous androgens

Chemo & Drug Assessment (10 decks)

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