Reproductive: disease states

Question 1

MC organism to cause acute mastitis and breast abscess

Answer 1

Staph aureus

Question 2

MC benign breast disorder in reproductive age women (30-50 yo)

Answer 2

fibrocystic breast changes

Question 3

Tx for breast cancer in postmenopausal, ER positive patients

Answer 3

Aromatase inhibitor Hormonal therapy (Letrozole, Anastrozole, Exemastane)

Question 4

Tx for breast cancer in premenopausal, ER positive patients

Answer 4

SERMs (Tamoxifen or Raloxifene)

Question 5

HPV types ____ and ____ cause roughly 70% of all cervical cancers worldwide and roughly 90% of anal cancers

Answer 5

16, 18

Question 6

HPV types ____ and ____ cause roughly 90% of genital warts

Answer 6

6, 11

Question 7

Dx for cervical insufficiency

Answer 7

*clinical
TVUS with cervical length 25 mm or less before 24 weeks

Question 8

Tx for PID

Answer 8

IM Ceftriaxone, PO Doxy BID x14 days +/- Metro BID x14 days

Question 9

MC cause of vaginitis

Answer 9

bacterial vaginosis

Question 10

MC organism to cause bacterial vaginosis

Answer 10

gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobes (mobiluncus, peptostreptococcus)

Question 11

MC type of breast cancer

Answer 11

infiltrative ductal carcinoma

Question 12

MC gynecologic cancer

Answer 12

endometrial (2nd- ovarian, 3rd- cervical)

Question 13

Describe GPA Classification:

Answer 13

Gravida: number of times pregnant
Para: number of births (>20 weeks)
Abortus: number of pregnancies lost

Question 14

Naegele’s Rule

Answer 14

1st day of LMP plus 7 days subtract 3 months for estimated date of delivery

Question 15

cervical softening due to increased vascularization ~4-5 weeks gestation

Answer 15

Goodell’s Sign

Question 16

uterus softening after 6 weeks

Answer 16

Ladin’s Sign

Question 17

uterine isthmus softening after 6-8 weeks gestation

Answer 17

Hegar’s Sign

Question 18

palpable lateral bulge or softening of uterine cornus ~7-8 weeks gestation

Answer 18

Piskacek’s Sign

Question 19

Second trimester screening tests:

Answer 19

1- Triple screening (alpha-fetoprotein, unconjugated estriol, beta-hCG) at 15 weeks
2- gestational diabetes at 24 weeks
3- amniocentesis at 15 weeks for high risk

Question 20

Elevated beta-hCG levels concerning for

Answer 20

Down syndrome (trisomy 21)

Question 21

Elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels concerning for

Answer 21

open neural tube defects (spina bifida)

Question 22

2 MC types of neural tube defects

Answer 22

spina bifida and anencephaly (associated with maternal folate deficiency)

Question 23

In Rh(D)-negative and Ab-negative women, Anti-D Rh immunoglobulin (Rhogam) is given in these 3 circumstances:

Answer 23

1- at 28 weeks gestation AND
2- with 72 hours of delivery of a Rh(D)-positive baby AND
3- after any potential mixing of blood

Question 24

MC RF for placenta abruptio

Answer 24

maternal hypertension

Question 25

MC RF for placenta previa (3)

Answer 25

previous placenta previa, multiple gestations, and previous cesarean section