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PANRE > HEENT: disease states > Flashcards

HEENT: disease states Flashcards

1
Q

MC cause of permanent legal blindness and vision loss in older adults (>75 yo)

A

macular degeneration

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2
Q

MC cause of new, permanent vision loss in 20-74 yo

A

DM retinopathy

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3
Q

MC type of orbital floor fracture

A

Inferior

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4
Q

MC primary intraocular malignancy in childhood

A

retinoblastoma

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5
Q

Fundoscopic exam with AV nicking

A

Hypertensive retinopathy
–AV nicking is venous compression at the arterial-venous junction

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6
Q

Fundoscopic exam with Drusen bodies

A

Macular degeneration (Dry)
–Drusen bodies are small, round, yellow-white spots on the outer retina that represent localized deposits of extracellular debris

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7
Q

Fundoscopic exam with microaneurysms, hard exudates, blot and dot hemorrhages, and flame-shaped hemorrhages

A

DM retinopathy (Nonproliferative)

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8
Q

progressive unilateral peripheral vision loss: shadow or “curtain coming down” in periphery followed by central vision loss

A

retinal detachment

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9
Q

MC type of retinal detachment

A

rhegmatogenous

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9
Q

Neonatal conjunctivitis that occurs 5 days postnatal is likely caused by _________ and treated with __________

A

chlamydia trachomatis, oral erythromycin

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10
Q

Neonatal conjunctivitis that occurs 2 days postnatal is likely caused by _________ and treated with __________

A

gonococcal, IM Ceftriaxone

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11
Q

PPX for gonococcal neonatal conjunctivitis

A

topical erythromycin 0.5%

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12
Q

MC organism in bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Staph aureus

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13
Q

MC organism in viral conjunctivitis

A

adenovirus

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14
Q

Tx for allergic conjunctivitis

A

Topical antihistamines (olopatidine, pheniramine-naphazoline) for sxs

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15
Q

Tx for ocular chemical burn

A

immediate irrigation with LR or NS until pH 7-7.4 is achieved, followed by topical abx

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16
Q

Referral for strabismus rec’d if condition persists >_______ months of age

A

4-6 months to reduce incidence of amblyopia

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17
Q

Screening tests for strabismus

A

hirschberg corneal light reflex testing, cover test, cover-uncover test

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18
Q

Clinical differences between septal and preseptal cellulitis (4)

A

Septal cellulitis presents with ocular pain with movement, ophthalmoplegia (EOM weakness), proptosis, vision deficits

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19
Q

corneal infection due to reactivation of HSV in the trigeminal ganglion

A

herpetic keratitis

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20
Q

dendritic (branching) corneal ulceration with fluorescein staining

A

herpetic keratitis

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21
Q

MC causes of uveitis

A

systemic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases (spondyloarthropathies, sarcoidosis, IBD)

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22
Q

MC cause of blindness in the world

A

cataracts

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23
Q

RF for cataracts (4)

A

1- aging (>60 yo)
2- smoking
3- DM
4- steroid use

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24
Fundoscopy shows absent red reflex, opaque lens
cataracts
25
optic nerve (disc) swelling due to increased ICP
papilledema
26
optic nerve (disc) swelling due to increased IOP
glaucoma
27
acute inflammatory demyelination of the optic nerve
optic neuritis (optic nerve/CN 2 inflammation)
28
ocular pain worse with movement and Marcus gunn pupil on fundoscopy
optic neuritis
29
Describe Marcus-Gunn pupil
during swinging flashlight test, from unaffected eye to affected eye the pupil dilates (relative afferent pupillary defect)
30
Tx for optic neuritis
IV methylprednisolone, followed by PO steroids
31
MC cause of Marcus-gunn pupil
optic neuritis
32
MC cause of Argyll-Robertson pupil
neurosyphilis
33
Describe Argyll-Robertson pupil:
pupil constricts on accommodation, but does not react to bright light (near light dissociation)
34
Leading cause of preventable blindness in US
glaucoma
35
Dx for acute narrow angle-closure glaucoma
tonometry with increased IOP >21 mm fundoscopy with optic disc blurring or "cupping"
36
First line tx for acute narrow angle-closure glaucoma
Combination of topical agents (Timolol, Apraclonidine, Pilocarpine), followed by systemic agent to reduce IOP (PO or IV Acetazolamide)
37
First line tx for chronic (open angle) glaucoma
Latanoprost (prostaglandin analog)
38
Definitive tx for acute narrow angle-closure glaucoma
Iridotomy
39
transient monocular vision loss (lasting seconds) with full recovery
amaurosis fugax
40
MC cause of central retinal artery occlusion
emboli from carotid artery atherosclerosis (cardiogenic embolic second MC)
41
Suspect this organism in contact wearers
pseudomonas
42
fundoscopy with pale retina and cherry red macula
central retinal artery occlusion
43
fundoscopy with extensive retinal hemorrhages "blood and thunder" appearance
central retinal vein occlusion
44
MC organism in otitis externa
pseudomonas
45
invasive infection of the external auditory canal and skull base
malignant (necrotizing) otitis externa
46
Define chronic otitis media
persistent middle ear infection in the presence of TM perforation >6 weeks
47
MC organism in AOM
S pneumoniae
48
Tx for AOM
amoxicillin
49
middle ear fluid with no s/s acute inflammation
serous otitis media with effusion
50
MC cause of sensorineural hearing loss
presbycusis
51
MC cause of conductive hearing loss
cerumen impaction
52
MC cause of cholesteatoma
chronic middle ear disease or Eustachian tube dysfunction
53
abnormal keratinized collection of desquamated squamous ET in middle ear that can lead to bony erosion of the mastoid
cholesteatoma
54
abnormal bony overgrowth of the footplate of the stapes bone
otosclerosis
55
MC cause of peripheral vertigo
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
56
episodic vertigo without hearing loss
BPPV
57
episodic vertigo with hearing loss
Ménière's disease
58
continuous vertigo without hearing loss
vestibular neuritis
59
continuous vertigo with hearing loss
labyrinthitis
60
Tx for vestibular neuritis
glucocorticoids first line
61
unilateral sensorineural hearing loss is concerning for
acoustic neuroma
62
MC cause of chronic fungal sinusitis
aspergilllus
63
inflammation of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses for >12 weeks
chronic sinusitis
64
invasive fungal infection that infiltrates the sinuses, lungs, and CNS
mucormycosis
65
MC organisms to cause mucormycosis
mucor, rhizopus, absidia, cunninghamella
66
Tx for mucormycosis
IV amphotericin B first line and surgical debridement
67
MC cause of rhinitis
allergic
68
MC cause of nasal polyps
allergic rhinitis
69
MC site of bleed for anterior epistaxis
Kiesselbach plexus
70
MC site of bleed for posterior epistaxis
sphenopalatine artery branches and Woodruff's plexus
71
MC cause of acute pharyngitis
viral
72
MC organism to cause acute bacterial pharyngitis
Group A Streptococcus (S. pyogenes)
73
lacy reticular leukoplakia of the oral mucosa
Wickham striae
74
Wickham striae MC seen in this disorder
Oral Lichen Planus
75
rapidly spreading cellulitis of the floor of the mouth
Ludwig's angina
76
Tx for oral lichen planus and apthous ulcers
topical oral glucocorticoids
77
painless white patchy lesions in the oral cavity that cannot be scraped off
oral leukoplakia
78
painless erythematous, soft, velvety, patchy lesions in the oral cavity
erythroplakia
79
MC location for sialolithiasis
Whartons duct, Stenson's duct
80
MC organism to cause acute bacterial sialadenitis
Staph aureus
81
primary manifestation of HSV1 in children
Acute Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
82
primary manifestation of HSV1 in adults
Acute Herpetic Pharyngotonsillitis
83
mucocutaneous manifestation of Epstein-barr virus
oral hairy leukoplakia

PANRE (9 decks)

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