Reproductive Animal Strategies Flashcards
Reproduction
Life process that ensures the continued survival of the species through the production of a new generation of organisms from an existing generation
Reproductive effort
The ultimate goal of each animal species to produce the maximum number of surviving Aspen well using the least amount of energy
Strategy
Genetically determined behavior
Courtship
Behavior and or signals that are designed to attract another animal for mating and breeding
Cloaca
A single opening located in the lower abdomen.
During mating, the males and females line up their cloacae for the transfer of sperm
Copulation
The introduction of sperm into the female through the use of a penis
Fertilization
Joining of nucleus of an egg and sperm
External fertilization
Takes place in water and occurs in most aquatic vertebrates
Internal fertilization
Occurs in terrestrial vertebrates
Ovipary
Eggs develop outside of the parent
Ovovivipary
Eggs that are fertilized internally are kept inside the female body until they hatch
Vivipary
Fertilization is internal and eggs do not have a shell
Amniotes
Reptiles and birds
Precocial Development
Species hatch all born when they are almost fully developed.
Parental energy expended in prenatal developments
Altricial development
Species hatch or are born not well developed.
Parental energy expended in post natal developments
Parental care
Any pattern of behavior in which a parent spends time or energy to improve the survival, conditions and future reproductive success of offspring
Biparental care
Parental care by both sexes
Prenatal care
Guarding eggs, building nests, carrying broods, incubating eggs and placental nourishing
Postnatal care
Providing food, protecting offspring, teaching of spring
K- strategy
Few offspring
High level parental care
Climax species
Produce slightly more offspring then the maximum the environment can hold
R-strategy
Many offspring
No parental care
Survivorship Curve
Curve which expresses a certain species particular pattern of mortality
Chemotaxis
The movement of a cell or organism in response to chemical stimulus
