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Life Sciences Paper 1 > Human Reproduction > Flashcards

Human Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Scrotum

A

Contains the testes

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2
Q

Testis

A

The oval structures suspended outside the body in the scrotum

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3
Q

Epididymus

A

A highly convoluted tubule about 5m long, formed by the joining of seminiferous tubules

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4
Q

Vas deferens (sperm duct)

A

Muscular duct which is a continuation of the epididymus

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5
Q

Urethra

A

Duct at the end of the iron-genital system leading to the exterior

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6
Q

Prostate gland

A

Plum-sized gland surrounding the urethra at the base of the bladder

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7
Q

Ovaries

A

Two almond shaped organs found in the pelvic cavity and held in position by ligaments

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8
Q

Uterus

A

Hollow, pear-shaped, thick-walled muscular organ

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9
Q

Myometrium

A

Thick involuntary muscle layer

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10
Q

Endometrium

A

Lining richly supplied with blood vessels

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11
Q

Vagina

A

Muscular passage between the uterus and the outside of the body

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12
Q

Clitoris

A

Small mass of erectile tissue found at the anterior end of the vulva

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13
Q

Puberty

A

The process of physical and psychological changes

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14
Q

Adolescence

A

Period of physical, physiological as well as psychological change

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15
Q

Oestrous

A

A time when females ovulate and can be impregnated

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16
Q

Celibate

A

Abstaining from sex

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17
Q

Gametogenesis

A

The formation of mature gametes (sperm and eggs) by the reproductive glands (gonads)

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18
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

The sequence of events during which mature, haploid sperm are produced from the germinal epithelium in the seminiferous tubules if the testes

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19
Q

Menarche

A

The first menstrual bleeding

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20
Q

Oogenesis

A

The production of haploid, mature eggs in the follicles of the ovaries

21
Q

Ovulation

A

Release of a mature egg from a Graafian follicle every 28 days

22
Q

Theca

A

Single layer of cells that surrounds the oogonium

23
Q

Oogonium

A

Large central cell

24
Q

Menopause

A

Overuse stop producing oestrogen and progesterone, therefore the ovaries stop releasing eggs and menstruation no longer occurs

25
Q

Atrophy

A

Degeneration

26
Q

HRT

A

Hormone replacement therapy

27
Q

Copulation

A

Sexual intercourse or coitus
The transfer of sperm into the vagina of the female when the male organ, the penis, is inserted and sperm are deposited near the cervix

28
Q

Fertilization

A

The fusion of the sperm nucleus with the egg nucleus to form a diploid cell known as the zygote

29
Q

Gestation

A

Pregnancy

The time between conception and birth, during which the embryo and then the fortis develops into the uterus

30
Q

Morula

A

Solid ball of cells formed by dividing zygote

31
Q

Blastocyst

A

Hollow, fluid-filled balls of cells

32
Q

Trophoblast

A

Layer formed by the outer cells forming the wall of the blastocyst

33
Q

Implantation

A

Occurs when the blastocyst sinks into the thickened, highly vascular endometrium

34
Q

Crown-rump length

A

Crown of head to buttocks

35
Q

Placenta

A

A disc shaped temporary organ richly supplied with maternal and foetal blood vessels

36
Q

Intra-uterine cannibalism

A

Embryos which feed on fertilized eggs and other developing embryos in the uterus

37
Q

Amnion

A

A membrane which surrounds the developing embryo and foetus

38
Q

Umbilical cord

A

A flexible cord extending from the abdomen to placenta if the foetus

39
Q

Birth

A

The expulsion of the foetus, its surrounding membranes and the placenta from the uterus

40
Q

Uterine cycle

A

A series of changes in the endometrium which is regulated by hormones

41
Q

Colostrum

A

Watery pre-milk fluid

42
Q

Mammary glands

A

Organs in female mammals that produce milk to feed young offspring

43
Q

Lactation

A

Production of milk

44
Q

Fibroids

A

Lumps that develop from the myometrium

45
Q

Endometriosis

A

A disease in which tissue that normally grows inside the uterus grows outside the uterus

46
Q

Surrogate

A

A woman who carries a baby on behalf of future parents who are medically unable to do so

47
Q

Foetal alcohol syndrome

A

A pattern of birth defects, learning and behavioral problems affecting children whose mothers consumed alcohol during pregnancy

48
Q

Erection

A

Penis becomes firm and enlarged due to increased blood flow, so that it can penetrate the vagina during copulation

49
Q

Ejaculation

A

The release of sperm through the urethra of the stiffened penis during an erection

Life Sciences Paper 1 (7 decks)

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