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Life Sciences Paper 1 > Environmental Studies > Flashcards

Environmental Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Organism

A

Individual form of life composed of a single cell or complex of cells that are capable of growing and reproducing

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2
Q

Individual

A

A single organism capable of independent existence

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3
Q

Species

A

A group of closely related organisms that are very similar to each other and are usually capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring

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4
Q

Population

A

A group of organisms of the same species that occupy the same area and can breed freely with each other

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5
Q

Community

A

A group of different species that inhibit and interact in a particular area

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6
Q

Ecosystem

A

Groups of different species of organisms that interact with each other and with the environment

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7
Q

Biosphere

A

The part of the earth where living organisms are found

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8
Q

Mortality

A

Number of deaths in a population per 1000 people in a year

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9
Q

Natality

A

Number of births in a population per 1000 people in a year

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10
Q

Ecology

A

The study of the interactions of organisms with their physical and biological environments and how these determine the distribution and make up a populations with in an ecosystem

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11
Q

Population ecology

A

The fluctuations in the size of a population and the factors, both physical and social that regulates these fluctuations

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12
Q

Population size

A

The total number of individuals in a population

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13
Q

Immigration

A

Individuals move into a population stay

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14
Q

Emigration

A

Individuals leave a population and do not return

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15
Q

Closed population

A

No immigration immigration occurs - only affected by birth and death rates

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16
Q

Environmental resistance

A

The total number of factors that stop a population from reproducing to its maximum rate

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17
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The population density that the environment can support

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18
Q

Limiting factors

A

Factors that help to regulate the growth of a population

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19
Q

Stable population

A

Numbers decrease when its size exceeds the carrying capacity but increase again when numbers fall below the carrying capacity

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20
Q

Unstable population

A

Develops if the population far exceeds the carrying capacity

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21
Q

Density independent factors

A

Limit the growth of a population as a result of natural factors and not because of the density or number of organisms

22
Q

Density dependent factors

A

Have a greater effect when the population density is high

23
Q

Predation

A

A biological interaction where one species, the predator, kills and eats another species, the prey

24
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

Cloning reproduction (no gametes involved)

25
Q

Co-evolution

A

One organism changes because of the other in a given environment

26
Q

Food web

A

Interconnected set of all the food chains in an ecosystem

27
Q

Competition

A

When two or more individuals compete for the same resources that are in short supply

28
Q

Intraspecific competition

A

Occurs between individuals of the same species

29
Q

Inter specific competition

A

Occurs between individuals of different species where the inches in a habitat are very similar

30
Q

Ecological niche

A

All the conditions necessary for an organism to survive and reproduce

31
Q

Specialization

A

The structural a behavioral adaptations that enable individuals of different species to co-exist

32
Q

Competitive co-existence

A

Arises when two competing species co-exist in the same habitat

33
Q

Competitive exclusion

A

Occurs when one of the two competing species is more successful than the other

34
Q

Resource partitioning

A

The evolutionary process wherebye species with similar requirements, living in the same habitat, evolve specialized traits that enable them to utilize the resources differently, creating separate niches to reduce interspecific competition and make co-existence possible

35
Q

Stratification

A

Varying size and species which creates a vertical structure that divides the vegetation into layers

36
Q

Ecological succession

A

Predictable pattern of gradual change over time in the types of species in a community following a disturbance

37
Q

Annuals

A

Herbs and weeds

38
Q

Climax community

A

The last semi-stable stage or the endpoint of succession

39
Q

Social organization

A

Structure of relationships within a group

40
Q

Mob

A

To surround and overpower

41
Q

Dilution effect

A

The greater the number of individuals in a group, the greater the survival chances are of the individual

42
Q

Confusion and distraction effect

A

As predator tried to single out its prey, the herd scatters in all directions, confusing the predator

43
Q

Eusocial

A

Species that exhibit the highest level of social organization

44
Q

Termetaria

A

Farces and saliva of termites used to cement termite mounds

45
Q

Population pyramid

A

A bar graph that shows the composition, by age and sex, of a nation’s population at the time of a census

46
Q

Structure

A

The relative number of individuals of each age in a population

47
Q

Biocapacity

A

The amount of productive land and water available to produce the resources we use and to absorb the waste we produced

48
Q

Ecological debtor country

A

A country with an ecological deficit

49
Q

Ecological creditor country

A

A country which does not have an ecological deficit

50
Q

Conservation

A

Protecting something and keeping it in a healthy state

51
Q

Sustainable development

A

The development that meets the needs of the present while not compromising the needs a future generations

Life Sciences Paper 1 (7 decks)

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