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ANS 002 > reproductive A&P > Flashcards

reproductive A&P Flashcards

1
Q

importance of reproductive biology

A
  • important for species survival ➞ NS
  • ag: support increasing pop size/demand
  • basis for all an production
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2
Q

testes

A

site of sperm & testosterone production

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3
Q

epididymis

A

site where sperm matures & is stored

  • finely & highly coiled tube
  • immature sperm enters at the base
  • mature sperm capable of fertilizing egg at the head
  • lies on outer surface of testis
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4
Q

vas deferens
(ductus deferens)

A

transport of sperm at time of arousal
* aka ductus deferens
* one for each testicle

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5
Q

scrotum

A

sac around testes for temperature regulation

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6
Q

pelvic urethra

A

muscular structure where urine & semen exit body

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7
Q

accessory sex glands

A

addition of fluid, nutrients, & buffers so sperm can be motile & help survive inside egg
* bulboureathral gland/cowper’s gland
* prostate
* seminal vesicle/vesicular gland
* ampulla (for bulls)
* glandular part of vas deferens

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8
Q

primary sex glands

A

involved in the production & maturation of sperm
* testes
* epididymis
* vas degerens

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9
Q

bulbourethral gland (cowper’s gland)

A

secrete substances to flush out both urine & sperm

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10
Q

prostate

A

secrete substances to help sperm be motile

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11
Q

seminal vesical/vesicular gland

A

secretes buffers, sugars, & vit to help sperm survive

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12
Q

ampulla

A

where sperm is stored right before ejaculation
* widening of vas deferens
* not all animals have (ex: boars)

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13
Q

ischio cavernosus muscle

A

contracts at time of mating
* erection
* straightens out sigmoid flexure to make penis erect

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14
Q

retractor penis muscle

A

brings penis back into sigmoid flexure

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15
Q

sigmoid flexure

A

holds penis inside the sheath except during copulation
* “S” shaped configuration
* allows for erection

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16
Q

cloaca

A

exit path in poultry for everything leaving the body
* feces
* urine
* sperm
* egg

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17
Q

reproductive organs in poultry

A
  • cloaca
  • internal testes near kidneys
  • no accessory glands
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18
Q

testicular anatomy

A

pampiniform plexus (blood vessels & veins): heat exchange

seminiferous tubules: sperm formation

Leydig cells: testosterone

sertoli cells: supportive cells ➞ aid in the formation of sperm
* line seminiferous tubes

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19
Q

pampiniform plexus

A

blood vessels & veins atop testicles that allow for heat exchange

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20
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

site of sperm production in testes

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21
Q

Leydig cells

A

site of testosterone production in testicles
* inside interstitial tissue inbetween seminiferous tubules

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22
Q

sertoli cells

A

supportive cells ➞ aid in the production of sperm
* sustentacular cells
* line base seminiferous tubes

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23
Q

hypothalamus & pituitary location

A

hypothalamus sits atop pituitary in brain
* pituitary split into anterior & posterior

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24
Q

D

A

sigmoid flexure

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25
Q

F

A

testes

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26
Q

G

A

scrotum

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27
Q

H

A

epididymis

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28
Q

I

A

vans deferens/ductus deferens

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29
Q

J

A

penis retractor muscle

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30
Q

K

A

ischiocavernous muscle

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31
Q

L

A

prostate

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32
Q

M

A

bulbourethral gland (cowper’s gland)

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33
Q

N

A

seminal vesical (vesicular gland)

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34
Q
A
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35
Q

J

A

penis retractor muscle

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36
Q

A

A

seminal vesicals (vesicular gland)

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37
Q

D

A

vas deferens (ductus deferens)

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38
Q

E

A

testes (seminiferous canal)

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39
Q

G

A

tail of epididymis (caudal)

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40
Q

H

A

body of epididymis (corpus)

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41
Q

I

A

scrotum

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42
Q

J

A

spermatic cord

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43
Q

K

A

sigmoid flexure

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44
Q

L

A

retractor penis muscle

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45
Q

M

A

prostate

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46
Q

N

A

bulbourethral gland

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47
Q

A

A

ampulla

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48
Q

B

A

head of epidisymis (caput)

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49
Q

I

50
Q

E

51
Q

J

53
Q

H

54
Q

K

55
Q

L

56
Q

M

57
Q

N

A

uterine horn

58
Q

G

A

mammary gland

59
Q

A

60
Q

B

A

mature ovum (ovaries)

61
Q

C

62
Q

D

63
Q

G

A

shell gland

64
Q

F

65
Q

A

66
Q

B

67
Q

C

A

infundibulum

68
Q

D

69
Q

H

70
Q

E

A

shell gland

71
Q

F

72
Q

G

73
Q

A

74
Q

B

75
Q

C

76
Q

D

77
Q

E

A

infundibulum

78
Q

G

79
Q

H

A

uterine horn

80
Q

I

81
Q

F

82
Q
83
Q
A

developed bicornuate

84
Q
85
Q
A

bicornuate

86
Q
87
Q
A

bicornuate

88
Q

F

89
Q

A

90
Q

I

91
Q

H

A

infundibulum

92
Q

G

93
Q

J

94
Q

E

95
Q

B

96
Q

C

97
Q

A

98
Q

B

A

uterine horns

99
Q

C

100
Q

D

101
Q

E

A

infundibulum

102
Q

F

103
Q

G

104
Q

H

105
Q

I

106
Q

ovary

A
  • site of egg production
  • site of estrogegn & progesterone production
107
Q

infundibulum

A

mesh cup that lays over ovary to catch eggs
* guids egg to oviduct
* site of fertilization in poultry

108
Q

oviduct

A

site of fertilization in mammals
* egg stays for a couple of days then moves to uterus

109
Q

uterus

A

site of fetal development
* uterine horns for biornuate species
* larger horns in litter-bearing species
* fetuses develop in diff parts of horns

  • duplex: 2 cervices + uterine horn
  • bicornuate: 1 cervix + uterine horn
  • simplex: 1 cervix + no uterine horn
110
Q

cervix

A

barrier btwn uterus & external envir
* protection
* keeps sterile
* except during estrus & parturition

111
Q

vagina

A

copulatory organ & birth canal

112
Q

vulva

A

junction btwn birth canal & outside

113
Q

reproduction in hens

A
  • egg grows & develops outside of body
  • do not lactate
  • GI system at bottom of body
  • > 2 ovaries & 2 oviducts but only L one develops
  • 1 reproductive structure
114
Q

hen reproductive A&P

A
  • ovary: cluster of follicles (eggs) of diff sizes
  • egg moves from ovary through oviduct
  • oviduct consists of 5 parts
    1. infundibulum: receives egg & site of fertilization
    2. magnum: albumen (white part) is added
    3. isthmus: shell membrane is put on egg ➞ protextion against bacteria & provides moisture
    4. shell gland: shell is formed & pigmented
    5. enters vagina & exists through cloaca
115
Q

M vs F reproduction movement

A

M = continuous
F = cyclic

116
Q
A

diffuse placenta (sow)

117
Q
A

cotyledonary placenta (cow)

118
Q
A

zonary placenta (bitch)

119
Q
A

discoid placenta (humans)

120
Q

cells of the follicle

A

zona pellucida: thick, gooey, micronutrient layer surrounding oocyte
* forms around tertiary follicle

cumulus: protective barrier that sperm must penetrate to fertilize
* goes with egg during ovulation

granulosa: responds to FSH & produces estradiol (E2)
* activates enzymes that convert androgen to estrogen
* inside of follicle

theca: responds to LH & produce androgens
* stimulate cells that make precursor of testosterone
* surround granulosa on outer edge of follicle

ANS 002 (16 decks)

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