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ANS 002 > reproductive A&P > Flashcards

reproductive A&P Flashcards

1
Q

importance of reproductive biology

A
  • important for species survival ➞ NS
  • ag: support increasing pop size/demand
  • basis for all an production
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2
Q

testes

A

site of sperm & testosterone production

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3
Q

epididymis

A

site where sperm matures & is stored

  • finely & highly coiled tube
  • immature sperm enters at the base
  • mature sperm capable of fertilizing egg at the head
  • lies on outer surface of testis
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4
Q

vas deferens
(ductus deferens)

A

transport of sperm at time of arousal
* aka ductus deferens
* one for each testicle

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5
Q

scrotum

A

sac around testes for temperature regulation

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6
Q

pelvic urethra

A

muscular structure where urine & semen exit body

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7
Q

accessory sex glands

A

addition of fluid, nutrients, & buffers so sperm can be motile & help survive inside egg
* bulboureathral gland/cowper’s gland
* prostate
* seminal vesicle/vesicular gland
* ampulla (for bulls)
* glandular part of vas deferens

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8
Q

primary sex glands

A

involved in the production & maturation of sperm
* testes
* epididymis
* vas degerens

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9
Q

bulbourethral gland (cowper’s gland)

A

secrete substances to flush out both urine & sperm

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10
Q

prostate

A

secrete substances to help sperm be motile

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11
Q

seminal vesical/vesicular gland

A

secretes buffers, sugars, & vit to help sperm survive

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12
Q

ampulla

A

where sperm is stored right before ejaculation
* widening of vas deferens
* not all animals have (ex: boars)

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13
Q

ischio cavernosus muscle

A

contracts at time of mating
* erection
* straightens out sigmoid flexure to make penis erect

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14
Q

retractor penis muscle

A

brings penis back into sigmoid flexure

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15
Q

sigmoid flexure

A

holds penis inside the sheath except during copulation
* “S” shaped configuration
* allows for erection

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16
Q

cloaca

A

exit path in poultry for everything leaving the body
* feces
* urine
* sperm
* egg

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17
Q

reproductive organs in poultry

A
  • cloaca
  • internal testes near kidneys
  • no accessory glands
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18
Q

testicular anatomy

A

pampiniform plexus (blood vessels & veins): heat exchange

seminiferous tubules: sperm formation

Leydig cells: testosterone

sertoli cells: supportive cells ➞ aid in the formation of sperm
* line seminiferous tubes

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19
Q

pampiniform plexus

A

blood vessels & veins atop testicles that allow for heat exchange

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20
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

site of sperm production in testes

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21
Q

Leydig cells

A

site of testosterone production in testicles
* inside interstitial tissue inbetween seminiferous tubules

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22
Q

sertoli cells

A

supportive cells ➞ aid in the production of sperm
* sustentacular cells
* line base seminiferous tubes

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23
Q

hypothalamus & pituitary location

A

hypothalamus sits atop pituitary in brain
* pituitary split into anterior & posterior

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24
Q

D

A

sigmoid flexure

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25
F
testes
26
G
scrotum
27
H
epididymis
28
I
vans deferens/ductus deferens
29
J
penis retractor muscle
30
K
ischiocavernous muscle
31
L
prostate
32
M
bulbourethral gland (cowper's gland)
33
N
seminal vesical (vesicular gland)
34
35
J
penis retractor muscle
36
A
seminal vesicals (vesicular gland)
37
D
vas deferens (ductus deferens)
38
E
testes (seminiferous canal)
39
G
tail of epididymis (caudal)
40
H
body of epididymis (corpus)
41
I
scrotum
42
J
spermatic cord
43
K
sigmoid flexure
44
L
retractor penis muscle
45
M
prostate
46
N
bulbourethral gland
47
A
ampulla
48
B
head of epidisymis (caput)
49
I
vagina
50
E
urethra
51
J
cervix
52
53
H
bladder
54
K
ovary
55
L
oviduct
56
M
caruncle
57
N
uterine horn
58
G
mammary gland
59
A
follicles
60
B
mature ovum (ovaries)
61
C
magnum
62
D
isthmus
63
G
shell gland
64
F
vagina
65
A
follicles
66
B
ovary
67
C
infundibulum
68
D
magnum
69
H
isthmus
70
E
shell gland
71
F
vagina
72
G
cloaca
73
A
clitoris
74
B
vulva
75
C
vagina
76
D
cervix
77
E
infundibulum
78
G
ovary
79
H
uterine horn
80
I
uterus
81
F
oviduct
82
simple
83
developed bicornuate
84
duplex
85
bicornuate
86
duplex
87
bicornuate
88
F
cervix
89
A
vagina
90
I
ovary
91
H
infundibulum
92
G
oviduct
93
J
uterus
94
E
bladder
95
B
vulva
96
C
clitorus
97
A
uterus
98
B
uterine horns
99
C
ovary
100
D
oviduct
101
E
infundibulum
102
F
cervix
103
G
vagina
104
H
vulva
105
I
clitorus
106
ovary
* site of egg production * site of estrogegn & progesterone production
107
infundibulum
mesh cup that lays over ovary to catch eggs * guids egg to oviduct * site of fertilization in poultry
108
oviduct
site of fertilization in mammals * egg stays for a couple of days then moves to uterus
109
uterus
site of fetal development * uterine horns for biornuate species * **larger horns in litter-bearing species** * fetuses develop in diff parts of horns * **duplex**: 2 cervices + uterine horn * **bicornuate**: 1 cervix + uterine horn * **simplex**: 1 cervix + no uterine horn
110
cervix
barrier btwn uterus & external envir * protection * keeps sterile * except during estrus & parturition
111
vagina
copulatory organ & birth canal
112
vulva
junction btwn birth canal & outside
113
reproduction in hens
* egg grows & develops outside of body * do not lactate * GI system at bottom of body * >2 ovaries & 2 oviducts but only L one develops * 1 reproductive structure
114
hen reproductive A&P
* **ovary**: cluster of follicles (eggs) of diff sizes * egg moves from ovary through oviduct * **oviduct** consists of 5 parts 1. **infundibulum**: receives egg & site of fertilization 2. **magnum**: **albumen** (white part) is added 3. **isthmus**: shell membrane is put on egg ➞ protextion against bacteria & provides moisture 4. **shell gland**: shell is formed & pigmented 5. enters **vagina** & exists through cloaca
115
M vs F reproduction movement
M = continuous F = cyclic
116
diffuse placenta (sow)
117
cotyledonary placenta (cow)
118
zonary placenta (bitch)
119
discoid placenta (humans)
120
cells of the follicle
**zona pellucida**: thick, gooey, micronutrient layer surrounding oocyte * forms around tertiary follicle **cumulus**: protective barrier that sperm must penetrate to fertilize * goes with egg during ovulation **granulosa**: responds to FSH & produces estradiol (E2) * activates enzymes that convert androgen to estrogen * inside of follicle **theca**: responds to LH & produce androgens * stimulate cells that make precursor of testosterone * surround granulosa on outer edge of follicle

ANS 002 (16 decks)

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