lab 6: nutrients Flashcards
DM
dry matter: weigh product ➔ dehydrate in oven ➔ reweigh
crude protein
measures amount of N ➔ proteins ~16% N ∴ protein = N x 6.25
* also measures non-protein N (ex. urea)
* no indication of digestibility or AA profile
crude fat
uses ether extract to determine proportion of diet that is fat
* quantitative
* no indication of quality
crude fiber
remaining non-ether sample boiled in WA soln then WB soln
- attempts to simulate digestion in stomach then intestines
- measures amount of cellulose, hemicellulose, & lignin
- not very accurate
- acid detergent fiber (ADF) & neutral detergent fiber (NDF) more accurate
ADF
acid detergent fiber = cell wall portions of forage mede of cellulose & lignin ➔ relate ability of animal to digest forage
- ↑ ADF = ↓ digestibility of forage
NDF
neutral detergent fiber = total cell wall made of ADF-fraction + hemicellulose ➔ reflect amount of forage an animal can consume
* ↑ NDF = ↓ dry matter intake
ash
burnt remains only metallic oxides & rock/soil ➔ minerals
N-free extract
readily availible carbs
- %N = 100 − sum of all others
proximate analysis groups
proximate analysis groups
- dry matter
- crude protein
- crude fat (ether-extract)
- crude fiber
- acid detergent fiber
- neutral detergent fiber
- ash
- N-free extract
TMR
total mixed ration: contains all feeds & nutrients an animal needs
- typical ration = forages, concentrates, & byproducts
forages
fed as whole stem & leaf
concentrates
nutrient dense ➔ only select part of plant is used
byproducts
- almond hulls
- bakery waste
- beet pulp
- brewers grains
- cull carrots, pomegranates, potatoes
- citrus pulp
- dried distillers grain (DDG) or lowfat DDG
- grape pomace
- soybean hulls
- wheat middlings
main food source in CA
corn silage
