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Health Assessment Final > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

How to evaluate female development stages?

A

Tanner Stages

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2
Q

Tanner stage 1

A

< 10yrs,
preadolescent,
no hair

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3
Q

Tanner stage 2

A

10-11 yrs,
small amount hair,
breast buds

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4
Q

Tanner stage 3

A

11-13 yrs,

elevation of breast and areola, menses stage III - IV

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5
Q

Tanner stage 4

A

13-14yrs,

adult like but no hair on thigh

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6
Q

Tanner stage 5

A

> 14 yrs,
mature stage,
projection of nipple only,
hair extends to thighs

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7
Q

Define menarche, menopause, and postmenopausal bleeding

A

menarche = 1st period
menopause = 12 months without a period; age 48 - 55yo
postmenopausal bleeding = bleeding after 12 months without a period. need a biopsy

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8
Q

Define dysmenorrhea, LARC, PMS, Dyspareunia, and vaginismus

A

Dysmenorrhea = pain/cramps with period
Contraction LARC - long acting reversible contraception.. Periguard = copper that repels sperm, no hormones
PMS; for 3 consecutive cycles*
Dyspareunia = pain with sex
Vaginismus = vaginal pain in young girls with low estrogen

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9
Q

STIs can cause…

A

Chlamydia can cause infertility

Men present with “UTI” symptoms, UTI is rare, think STI*

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10
Q

Bartholin Glands

A

Located under the vagina above the anus
Job = Lubricate the vagina
Older women with low estrogen get dry
Infection = d/t e. Coli or gram - d/t proximity to rectum OR STI (chlamydia or gonorrhea)

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11
Q

Cervix

A

“Donut” cerivcal epithelia and transformation zone
Opening to the uterus
Papsmears to eval for HPV
16 and 18 –> CANCER
6 and 11 –> WARTS
Vaccinate everyone, including gay men up to 45yrs old

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12
Q

Epidermoid cyst

A

Benign in the epidermis

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13
Q

Venereal wart

A

d/t HPV 6 and 11

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14
Q

Syphillitic chancre

A

Painless

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15
Q

Uterine prolapse

A

Uterus falls through

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16
Q

Genital herpes

A

Painful in clusters, shallow vesicles

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17
Q

Bartholin gland infection

A

d/t STI or e. Coli from rectum

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18
Q

Condyloma acuminatum

A

Genital warts - HPV 6 and 11

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19
Q

Clue Cells

A

= bacterial vaginosis

Saline wash, highly concentrated, STI.
Tx = flagyl
“Sniff test” after saline or potassium –> fishy smell

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20
Q

Trichomonas (from wet mound reading)

A

with TAILS, move quick

not normal, STI that needs to be treated ASAP

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21
Q

Yeast

A

Potassium wash to kill everything else, DOES NOT kill yeast

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22
Q

Lactobacilli

A

normal

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23
Q

Papsmear

A

Begin at 21 years old, does NOT have to be sexually active

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24
Q

Breasts

A

are fibrotic before period, examine 5-7 days after period onset
Dense = estrogen
Palpate with pad of fingertip in circular, vertical strip, or wedge motion
FEEL UP INTO AXILLA FOR TAIL OF SPENCE
Young people need an ultrasound versus mammogram.

25
Q

If you squeeze the breast and milk comes out…

A

If milk comes out & not pregnant = prolactinoma
Brain MRI immediately d/t pituitary tumor that is compressing
Can lose lateral vision d/t tumor compression

26
Q

Breast Masses - fibroadenoma, cysts, cancer

A

Fibroadenoma = fluctuate, come and go

Cysts = fluid filled, aspirate

Cancer = no well defined, Retraction, Abnormal contours, Skin dimpling, Edema of skin

27
Q

Paget Disease

A

= nipple cancer

28
Q

Mammograms

A

@ 40 years old, yearly

29
Q

Male breasts

A

Male Breast: small nipple and areola, thin tissue
1% of breast CA
Gynecomastia = hormonal, will go away mostly

30
Q

Testis

A

make sperm, nourishment

31
Q

epididymis

A

top of testicle, stores and matures sperm

32
Q

Vas Deferens

A

carry sperm up

33
Q

BPH

A

Benign prostatic hyperplasia - common older men, restricts the urethra –> dysuria, nocturia, dribble

34
Q

PHIMOSIS

A

“CANT SAY HI”

Cannot RETRACT

35
Q

PARAPHIMOSIS

A

Remains retracted, cannot pull forward

SURGICAL EMERGENCY

36
Q

Epidermoid cyst

A

benign

37
Q

Hypospadias

A

urethral opening on bottom

38
Q

Epispaidias:

A

urethral opening on TOP

39
Q

Scrotal edema =

A

d/t fluid or inflammation

40
Q

Hydrocele =

A

fluid filled mass, nontender

41
Q

Scrotal hernia

A

= indirect inguinal hernia that comes from external inguinal ring, finger cannot get above the mass

42
Q

Cryptorchidism:

A

testes fail to descend

atrophied testes and lays outside the scrotum

43
Q

Small testes =

A

<2cm, klinefelter syndrome

44
Q

Acute Orchitis =

A

inflamed testes

MUMPS

45
Q

Spermatocele:

A

painless fluid filled cyst in epididymis

46
Q

Varicocele:

A

“bag of worms” enlargement of veins within scrotum

Can cause infertility

47
Q

Torsion of spermatic cord:

A

MEDICAL EMERGENCY

Only 6 hours until testes die

48
Q

Prehns Sign:

A

test for testicular torsion

  • ++ pain = testicular torsion
  • no pain = epididymitis
49
Q

Indirect hernia

A

Indirect: most common
Comes down inguinal canal Into scrotum
have pt cough

50
Q

Direct hernia

A

above inguinal ligament next to external inguinal ring

Bulges anteriorly and pushes the side of the finger forward, common in men >40yrs

51
Q

External inguinal ring

A
  • direct

Have them valsalva

52
Q

HPV wart causing strains

A

6 and 11 –> warts

53
Q

Herpes Simplex

A

d/t vesicles

54
Q

Chancre =

A

painless erosion, 2cm

d/t syphilis

55
Q

Chancroid =

A

red papule then becomes painfully deep ulceration

Caused by haemophilus ducryi, rare STI

56
Q

Testicular self exam:

A
  • in mirror, one at a time, should be smooth

- ages 15- 35 cancer most common

57
Q

Prostate CA screening:

A

> 50years old, digital rectal exam feel ANTERIORLY

58
Q

risk factors for testicular cancer

A
  • cryptorchidism
  • mumps
  • inguinal hernia
  • hydrocele in childhood
  • family history and history of carcinoma in contralateral testicle
59
Q

cryptorchidism

A

= one or both testicles fail to descend from abdomen to scrotum

Health Assessment Final (5 decks)

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