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Health Assessment Final > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A
  1. Frontal
  2. Parietal
  3. Temporal
  4. Occipital
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2
Q

Brain stem functions

A
  • breathing, BP, HR, swallowing, reflexes, hearing, startle response, sweating, digestion, temperature
  • level of alertness, sleep, and balance
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3
Q

Cerebellum

A

regulates coordination of movement, posture, and balance

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4
Q

Parietal Lobe

A 
sensations
language 
perception
body awareness 
attention
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5
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

perception

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6
Q

cerebellum

A

posture
balance
coordination of movement

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7
Q

temporal lobe

A

hearing
language
memory

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8
Q

Wernickes Area

A

in temporal lobe

- language comprehension

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9
Q

Brocas Area

A

in the frontal lobe

- speech control

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10
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

movement
problem solving
concentrating, thinking
behavior, personality, mood

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11
Q

sensory area

A

in the parietal lobe

  • skin sensations
  • temp, pressure, pain
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12
Q

motor area

A

in the front lobe

- control of voluntary muscles

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13
Q

White matter =

A

Neuronal axons coated with myelin, rapid transmission of impulses (inbetween)

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14
Q

Grey matter =

A

neuronal cell bodies that rim the surface of cerebral hemisphere forming the cerebral cortex

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15
Q

4 principal parts of the brain

A
  1. cerebrum
  2. diencephalon
  3. cerebellum
  4. brainstem
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16
Q

Diencephalon

A

connects the brainstem to the cerebrum

  • hypothalamus
  • thalamus
  • posterior pituitary
  • pineal gland
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17
Q

hypothalamus

A

links the nervous and endocrine system

  • 4 Fs = feeding, fighting, fleeing, fooling around
  • hormones to maintain homeostasis, temp BP and respiration control
  • controls hunger, thirst, sleep and wake cycles
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18
Q

Thalamus

A

Made of grey matter, receives all sensory input (not smell) to integrate visual, auditory, and taste senses

  • sends info to the cerebrum
  • higher mental functions like memory
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19
Q

Pineal Gland

A

secretes melatonin
maintains sleep wake cycle
5-8mm

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20
Q

Brainstem 3 parts

A
  1. midbrain
  2. pons
  3. medulla oblongata
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21
Q

midbrain

A

Origin on CN 3 and 4

Eye movement, auditory and visual processing

22
Q

Pons

A

Origin for CN 5-8
Involuntary bodily functions
Sleep and consciousness cycle

23
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Point of origin CN 9-12

Controls vital functions - HR/breathing/BP/swallowing/vomiting

24
Q

Spinal Cord

A
  • extends from the brainstem to L1-L2

- Lumbar Punctures @ L3-L5

25
Q

Spinal Cord and nerves

A

31 spinal nerves

  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
  • 5 sacral
  • 1 coccygeal
26
Q

functions of the spinal cord

A

sends sensory info to the brain, receives motor input from the brain, and carries out reflexes

27
Q

left cerebral cortex

A

sensory from the right side and controls the right side of the body

28
Q

right cerebral cortex

A

sensory from the left and controls motor of the left

29
Q

Afferent Sensory Pathways

A
  • Spinothalamic tract

- Sensory crosses over and arrives to the sensory cortex of the parietal lobe

30
Q

Efferent Motor Pathways

A
  • Corticospinal tract from the cerebral cortex and travel DOWN
  • @ medulla, they cross over and contain motor fibers (PYRAMIDS)
    - In the pyramid voluntary control
    - Outside the pyramind - involuntary
31
Q

Cranial Nerves

A

“On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How”

  1. olfactory
  2. optic
  3. oculomotor
  4. trochlear
  5. trigeminal
  6. abducens
  7. facial
  8. vestibulocochlear
  9. glossopharyngeal
  10. vagus
  11. accessory
  12. hypoglossal
32
Q

Cranial Nerves - Sensory vs. Motor

A

“Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more”

1 Olfactory, sensory 
2 Optic, sensory 
3 Oculomotor, motor  (opening eye) 
4 Trochlear, motor  
5 Trigeminal - both 
6 Adducens, motor 
7 Facial - both  
Motor = stick out tongue, smile, close eyes  
Sensory = tongue  
8 Vestibulocochlear, sensory  
9 Glossopharyngeal -  both
Swallowing gag reflex   
10 vagus - both 
Digestion 
11 accessory, motor  
12 hypoglossal, motor
33
Q

Upper Motor Neurons

A

Tone and control

Lesion —> spasticity, + Babinski, hypertonic

34
Q

Lower Motor Neurons

A

Peripheral

Lesion —> flaccid, hypotonnic, hyporeflexive, atrophy, - babinski

35
Q

Dermatones

A

Adermatomeis an area of skin in whichsensorynerves derive from a single spinal nerve root

Symptoms that follow adermatome(e.g. like pain or a rash) may indicate a pathology that involves the related nerve root..

36
Q

Reflexes

A
  • Possible by neural pathways = reflex arcs which act on an impulse
  • Does not go to the brain
  • Hyperreflexia = lesion in UPPER
37
Q

Triceps reflex location tests?

A

= C7 C8

38
Q

Bicep and brachioradialis location

A

C5 C6

39
Q

Patellar reflex location

A

L2
L3
L4

40
Q

Achilles reflex tests?

A

S1

41
Q

Changes in older adults

A
  • decreased agility leads to falls
  • lower ability for ADLS
  • hearing and vision loss, anosmia (loss of smell)
  • tremors (increased by anxiety, decreased by ETOH)
  • fecal/urinary incontinence
  • TIAs = transient neuro deficits
42
Q

MOCA

A

used for detecting mild cognitive impairments

43
Q

DTR grading

A 
0 = no response, absent 
1+ = somewhat diminished, low normal 
2+ = average, normal 
3+ = brisker, slightly hyperreflexic 
4+ = very brisk, hyperactive with clonus
44
Q

Romberg Test

A

stand with eyes closed for 20 sec, + = imbalance

45
Q

tests for appendicular ataxia

A

finger to nose, heel to shin, rapid alternating movements

46
Q

testing for truncal ataxia

A

stance and gait

47
Q

Babinski

A

stroking the bottom of the foot, toes should fan downward

UP = BAD

48
Q

Stroke warning signs

A

FAST

face drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty, time

49
Q

primary prevention of stroke

A

HTN, smoking, hyperlipidemia, DM, obsese, poor diet/nutrition, physical activity, alcohol

50
Q

disease specific risk factors for stroke

A

Afib
carotid artery disease
OSA

51
Q

Multiple Sclerosis changes ?

A
  • With MS white matter becomes sclerotic. 1st sign is vision changes

Health Assessment Final (5 decks)

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