GI Flashcards
Organs in the RUQ
right lobe of liver gallbladder bile duct transverse colon ascending colon
LUQ organs
left lobe of liver stomach spleen duodenum pancreas and pancreatic duct descending colon
RLQ organs
cecum
appendix
LLQ organs
small intestine
rectum
anus
What are the 9 regions of the stomach?
epigastric umbilical hypogastric right hypochondriac left hypochondriac right lumbar left lumbar right inguinal left inguinal (epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, hypochondriac, lumbar, and inguinal)
Why would a young person have hypertension? secondary to what?
renal stenosis
order of abdominal exam
inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation
absent bowel sounds may indicate what?
paralytic ileus or peritonitis
bruits over aorta and renal arteries indicate?
aneurysm or stenosis
percussion changes with fluid in the abdomen?
Normal = tympanic
fluid shifts sound to dullness, and if pt turns on their side the fluid will move with them so dull on the bottom
normal liver span (R MCL)
6-12cm
Castells Method/Sign?
percuss for the spleen
dull = splenomegaly
Where are the kidneys?
retroperiotneal space
T12 to L3
Right is lower than left, non-palpable
Pyelonephritis
kidney infection likely d/t UTI
S&S = flank pain and high fever
AAA palpation
only for >50yo, supine with knees raised, above the umbilicus and to the left
measure the width – *width is key, not the strength of the pulsation
Normal <2.5cm
acute salpingitis
pelvic region pain d/t STI
spleen functions
speen = largest lymphatic organ, makes antibodies, B and T cells, fights infections
filters out old RBCs and recycles, also stores PLTS and WBC
splenomegaly
d/t mono, endocarditis, cancer, liver disease
*vulnerable to injury and may rupture
S&S = fatigue, weight loss, infections, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, anemia
acute diverticulitis pain location
LLQ outpouching
McBurney’s Point
appendicitis test - RIGHT side palpation, almost over the appendix
Rovsings Sign
Referred pain – palpation on the LEFT side that will cause pain with appendicitis
Psoas Sign
appendicitis test -
lift R leg up while on back, pain with resistance
OR
pt lying on left side, pull R leg back –> pain
6 Fs of the abdominal distention
Fat, fluid, flatus, fetus, feces, fatal growths
obturator sign
appendicitis
On back pull R knee up and internally rotate –> pain
Heel Drop / Markle Test
appendicitis
Markle = pt stand and drop onto heels –> pain
Heel tap test
appendicitis
pt laying down and hit bottom of foot with fist –> pain
gallbladder functions
stores bile from the liver, hormones trigger the release of the bile to digest amino acids and fats
Murphys Sign
palpating for gallbladder and cholecystitis
+ = pain with palpation and pt will wince and “catch” their breath
RUQ
acute pancreatitis pain location
above the umbilicus - pain d/t inflammation and digestive enzymes being stuck
hepatomegaly
causes = malignancy, CHF, hepatic vein thrombosis, alcoholic liver disease, viruses, infections, fatty liver, amyloidosis S&S = jaundice, muscle aches, fatigue, itching, N/V, abd pain
organs in the 9 regions
Assess for tenderness (pyelonephritis) via ____ approach.
posterior approach by percussing at Costo-Vertebral Angle
