GI

Question 1

Organs in the RUQ

Answer 1

right lobe of liver 
gallbladder 
bile duct 
transverse colon 
ascending colon

Question 2

LUQ organs

Answer 2

left lobe of liver 
stomach 
spleen
duodenum 
pancreas and pancreatic duct 
descending colon

Question 3

RLQ organs

Answer 3

cecum

appendix

Question 4

LLQ organs

Answer 4

small intestine
rectum
anus

Question 5

What are the 9 regions of the stomach?

Answer 5

epigastric
umbilical 
hypogastric
right hypochondriac 
left hypochondriac 
right lumbar
left lumbar 
right inguinal 
left inguinal 
(epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, hypochondriac, lumbar, and inguinal)

Question 6

Why would a young person have hypertension? secondary to what?

Answer 6

renal stenosis

Question 7

order of abdominal exam

Answer 7

inspection, auscultation, percussion, palpation

Question 8

absent bowel sounds may indicate what?

Answer 8

paralytic ileus or peritonitis

Question 9

bruits over aorta and renal arteries indicate?

Answer 9

aneurysm or stenosis

Question 10

percussion changes with fluid in the abdomen?

Answer 10

Normal = tympanic

fluid shifts sound to dullness, and if pt turns on their side the fluid will move with them so dull on the bottom

Question 11

normal liver span (R MCL)

Answer 11

6-12cm

Question 12

Castells Method/Sign?

Answer 12

percuss for the spleen

dull = splenomegaly

Question 13

Where are the kidneys?

Answer 13

retroperiotneal space
T12 to L3
Right is lower than left, non-palpable

Question 14

Pyelonephritis

Answer 14

kidney infection likely d/t UTI

S&S = flank pain and high fever

Question 15

AAA palpation

Answer 15

only for >50yo, supine with knees raised, above the umbilicus and to the left
measure the width – *width is key, not the strength of the pulsation
Normal <2.5cm

Question 16

acute salpingitis

Answer 16

pelvic region pain d/t STI

Question 17

spleen functions

Answer 17

speen = largest lymphatic organ, makes antibodies, B and T cells, fights infections
filters out old RBCs and recycles, also stores PLTS and WBC

Question 18

splenomegaly

Answer 18

d/t mono, endocarditis, cancer, liver disease
*vulnerable to injury and may rupture
S&S = fatigue, weight loss, infections, thrombocytopenia, jaundice, anemia

Question 19

acute diverticulitis pain location

Answer 19

LLQ outpouching

Question 20

McBurney’s Point

Answer 20

appendicitis test - RIGHT side palpation, almost over the appendix

Question 21

Rovsings Sign

Answer 21

Referred pain – palpation on the LEFT side that will cause pain with appendicitis

Question 22

Psoas Sign

Answer 22

appendicitis test -
lift R leg up while on back, pain with resistance
OR
pt lying on left side, pull R leg back –> pain

Question 23

6 Fs of the abdominal distention

Answer 23

Fat, fluid, flatus, fetus, feces, fatal growths

Question 24

obturator sign

Answer 24

appendicitis

On back pull R knee up and internally rotate –> pain

Question 25

Heel Drop / Markle Test

Answer 25

appendicitis | Markle = pt stand and drop onto heels --> pain

Question 26

Heel tap test

Answer 26

appendicitis | pt laying down and hit bottom of foot with fist --> pain

Question 27

gallbladder functions

Answer 27

stores bile from the liver, hormones trigger the release of the bile to digest amino acids and fats

Question 28

Murphys Sign

Answer 28

palpating for gallbladder and cholecystitis + = pain with palpation and pt will wince and "catch" their breath RUQ

Question 29

acute pancreatitis pain location

Answer 29

above the umbilicus - pain d/t inflammation and digestive enzymes being stuck

Question 30

hepatomegaly

Answer 30

``` causes = malignancy, CHF, hepatic vein thrombosis, alcoholic liver disease, viruses, infections, fatty liver, amyloidosis S&S = jaundice, muscle aches, fatigue, itching, N/V, abd pain ```

Question 31

organs in the 9 regions

Answer 31

Question 32

Assess for tenderness (pyelonephritis) via ____ approach.

Answer 32

posterior approach by percussing at Costo-Vertebral Angle