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Health Assessment Final > Muscle > Flashcards

Muscle Flashcards

1
Q

concern with teenage girl and backpain

A

UTI –> pylonephritis

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2
Q

bone pain characteristics

A

deep, aching, throbbing, worse at night

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3
Q

muscle pain characteristics

A

crampy, stiff, sore, achy

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4
Q

joint pain characteristics

A

synovial inflammation, tenderness

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5
Q

concern with landscaper?

A

Lyme disease

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6
Q

NSAIDS and ASA chronic use concerns

A

ulcers, increase BUN and creatinine

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7
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune disease, symmetrical

  • morning stiffness >1hr
  • profound fatigue
  • improves with activity
  • worse with rest
  • systemic
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8
Q

osteoarthritis

A

due to wear and tear

  • <30min morning stiffness
  • minimal fatigue
  • worse with activity
  • improves with rest
  • not systemic
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9
Q

Gout

A

d/t increased uric acid

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10
Q

Ankylosing Spondylitis

A

HLAB27 test for genetic disorder that causes bones in the spine to fuse

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11
Q

concerning signs of a serious pathology

A
  • erythema, warmth, effusion, decreased ROM
  • fever, rash, chills, acute joint pain
  • underlying bleeding disorder with anticoag use
  • bone pain, weight loss, night pain
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12
Q

acute joint pain in a sexually active young adult could indicate?

A

syphilis or gonorrhea

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13
Q

articular structures

A

connects bones - consists of joint capsule, articular cartilage, synovium, and synovial fluid

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14
Q

extra articular structures

A

ligaments, tendons, nursae, muscle, fascia, bone, nerve, overlaying skin

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15
Q

Synovial Joints

A

freely moveable, covered by articular cartilage
- self lubricating, almost frictionless
- able to withstand compression and maintain heavy loads
- knee or shoulder
(diathrosis)

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16
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

immobile, connected by fibrous connective tissue between bones
- skull
(synarthrosis)

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17
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

connected by cartilage. less movement than synovial yet more than fibrous.
- discs allow flexion and extension, cushion/shock absorber
- protects spinal cord, brain, and nerves
(amphiarthrosis)

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18
Q

types of synovial joints

A
  1. spheroidal
  2. hinge
  3. condylar
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19
Q

spheroidal joint

A

ball and socket

  • convex within a concave cavity
  • wide range of motion
  • shoulder/hip
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20
Q

hinge joint

A

flat, planar

  • motion in one plane: flexion, extension
  • hand, foot, elbow joints
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21
Q

condylar joint

A

convex or concave articulating surfaces

  • movement of two surfaces
  • knee, TMJ
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22
Q

Bursae

A

disc-shaped synovial sacs

  • cushions movement of tendons and muscle over bone
  • lie b/w skin and convex surface of bone/joint and where muscles or tendons run against bone
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23
Q

Rotator Cuff muscles

A
  1. Supraspinatus.
    - This holds your humerus in place and keeps your upper arm stable.
  2. Infraspinatus.
    - This is the main muscle that lets you rotate and extend your shoulder.
  3. Teres Minor.
    - This is the smallest rotator cuff muscle.
  4. Subscapularis.
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24
Q

Tendons

A

collagen fibers that connect muscle to bone

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25
Q

ligaments

A

rope like bundles of collagen fibrils

bone - bone

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26
Q

Cartilage

A

firm tissue that is softer and more flexible than bone

- connects bones together

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27
Q

muscle grading system

A 
0 = contraction/paralysis 
1 = feel contraction yet no movement 
2 = passive ROM
3 = full ROM against gravity 
4 = full ROM some resistance 
5 = full ROM with resistance
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28
Q

flexion

A

decreasing joint angle

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29
Q

extension

A

increasing joint angle

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30
Q

abduction

A

motion away from midline

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31
Q

adduction

A

motion toward midline

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32
Q

rotation

A

pivotal
internal - towards midline
external - away from midline

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33
Q

Temporal Arteritis (TA)

A
  • systemic vasculitis, “giant cell”
  • Present = new headache, 50+ yrs old, with a high ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
  • jaw pain –> blindness d/t compression and inflammation
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34
Q

bones of the shoulder

A

humerus
scapula
clavicle
sternum

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35
Q

parts of scapula

A

glenoid
acromion
coracoid
scapular body

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36
Q

shoulder joint parts

A
  • acromion = “ceiling” of shoulder
  • glenoid fossa = “saucer”
  • bursa = membrane cushion
  • supraspinatus = tendon and muscle that help form the rotator cuff
  • humeral head = ball of upper arm
37
Q

shoulder impingement

A

inflammation of the subacromial space

  • under the acromion and above the glenohumeral joint
  • affects the supraspinatus and the subacromial/subdeltoid bursa
  • hurts with seatbelt, hair brushing, bra
38
Q

scarf test

A

The scarf test, also known as the cross-body adduction test, is used to assess the integrity of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint.

39
Q

Labral Tear

A

young athletes

  • clicking or catching inside
  • SLAP = superior labrum anterior-posterior pattern

need MRI, PT, or surgery

40
Q

muscles with arm abduction

A

infraspinatus and teres minor

41
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A 
4 = SITS 
Supraspinatus 
Infraspinatous 
Teres Minor 
Subscapularis stabilize humerus
42
Q

shoulder supportive muscles

A

pectoralis
deltoid
biceps

43
Q

Cranial nerve 11 test

A

shoulder shrug

44
Q

external rotation, lateral tests what muscle?

A

infraspinitus and teres minor

45
Q

painful arc test

A

slowly bringing arm up and increasing the angle

+ test = shoulder pain between 60 and 120 degrees means a subacromial or rotator cuff disorder

46
Q

Hawkins test

A

with elbow bent at 90 degrees, then move the elbow up and wrist down
+ = pain, indicating impingement of shoulder

47
Q

Neers Test

A

pt arm in front and thumb down, with providers hand on the scapula, the arm is raised in forward flexion
+ = pain

48
Q

Empty can test

A

tests for supraspinatus weakness
- 90 degrees of shoulder flexion, internal rotation and 30 degrees of horizontal adduction with downward pressure applied
+ = pain

49
Q

Elbow - bones and joints?

A 
bones = humerus, radius, ulna 
joints = humeroulnar, humeroradial, radioulnar
50
Q

elbow flexion

A

bend - biceps, brachialis, brachioradialis muscles

51
Q

elbow extension

A

straighten

- triceps and anconeus

52
Q

elbow supination

A

palms up, biceps and supinator muscles

53
Q

elbow pronation

A

palms down

pronator teres, pronator quadratus muscles

54
Q

Lateral Epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow

“TEL me about that”

55
Q

Medial Epicondylitis

A

Golfers elbow

“You’re a GEM golfer”

56
Q

Hand joints

A

DIP
PIP
MCP

distal interphalangeal joint
proximal interphalangeal joint
metacarpophalangeal joint

57
Q

wrist and hand muscle groups

A
  • flexion - 2 carpal muscles (radial and ulnar)
  • extension - 2 radial 1 ulnar
  • supination and pronation = forearm contraction
58
Q

Thenar crease

A

crease in palm

If there is pallor there = anemia

59
Q

Carpal Tunnel

A
  • median nerve compression causing numbness, tingling, or weakness in hand
  • affects inner aspect of thumb, through ring finger

Spares ulnar nerve, pinky is NOT affected

60
Q

Tinel Test

A

“TAP”
- taps over wrist where median nerve passes through
+ = electric/sharp pain/tingling in the hand

61
Q

Phalen Test

A

“FLAP”
- flexes wrists with elbows raised and backs of hands pressed together for 1 min
+ = pain or tingling in median nerve area

62
Q

3 spinal curvatures

A
  • scoliosis = curvature
  • kyphosis = thoracic spine curves outward
  • lordosis = lumbar spin curves inward
63
Q

Back pain test

A

Straight Leg Raise (SLR) for sciatica
- pt lay on back and leg is raised
+ = 30-70 degrees of raise causes pain that radiates down the leg to below the knee, or to toes
dorsiflex worsens pain

64
Q

Hip bones and cartilage

A

Bones:

  • Ileum
  • Sacrum
  • Femur
  • Ischial tuberosity

Cartilage: symphysis pubis

65
Q

Knee –bones

A

femur
patella
tibia
fibula

66
Q

knee joints

A

patello-femoral (gliding motion of patella in femoral groove)
femero-tibial (hinge) with ligaments meniscus and bursas

67
Q

knee landmarks

A 
patella
patellar tendon
quad tendon 
femoral condyles 
tibial tuberosity 
medial and lateral joint line 
popliteal space 
collateral ligament 
quads/hamstrings
68
Q

front knee pain could mean:

A

chronodomalacia patella
patella tracking
bursitis
arthritis

69
Q

pain above the knee could indicate:

A

quadricep tendon or swelling

70
Q

pain behind the knee could indicate:

A

Bakers Cyst or arthritis

71
Q

Elderly person with posterior knee pain without trauma –

A

think bakers cyst

72
Q

pain on inside or outside of knee could indicate:

A

meniscus or collateral ligament tears

arthritis

73
Q

pain below the knee =

A

osgood-schlatter disease which occurs in teens that are growing

74
Q

ACL injury

A

Anterior

non-contact rotational injury

75
Q

How to test for ACL injury?

A

Anterior Drawer test

Lachmans Test

76
Q

PCL injury

A

fall with flexed knee

posterior

77
Q

PCL tests

A

Posterior drawer test

posterior sag test

78
Q

how do you conduct the anterior drawer test? the posterior?

A 
anterior = lower leg is pulled up to check the knee joint laxity (ACL)
posterior = lower leg is pushed down to check knee joint (PCL)
79
Q

How is the lachmans test done?

A

one hand on the femur, knee at 20 degree angle, the other hand pulls the tibia anteriorly to check stability (ACL test)

80
Q

MCL injury

A

occurs with blow to the knee LATERAL or by rotational stress

81
Q

how to test for MCL injury

A

valgus stress test – pt on back, bring knee inward
“Lateral knee to vaLgus”
more common

82
Q

LCL injury

A

blow to medial knee with varus tension forces –

83
Q

how to test for LCL injury?

A

varus stress test – pt on back, knee rotated externally

84
Q

meniscus injury

A

d/t flexion or hyperflexion with knee rotation, often occurs with a ligament injury
S&S = joint line pain, clicking or locking

85
Q

bones of the ankle

A

tibia
fibula
talus
lateral/medial malleolus

86
Q

most common ankle sprain?

A

inversion, “rolling” of the ankle out and foot inward

87
Q

strain? sprain?

A

Strain = injury to muscle or tendon and is stretched too far.
most common = hamstring, calves, achilles tendon

Sprain = injury to ligament and it stretches or tears
most common = ankles, knees, and wrist joints

88
Q

bunion

A

bony bump that forms on the joint at the base of the big toe, can cause hammer toes

89
Q

mortons neuroma

A

thickening of the tissue around one of the nerves leading to the toes between the 3rd and 4th toes …
causing a sharp burning pain in the ball of the foot
#1 cause = high heels

Health Assessment Final (5 decks)

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