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HESI A2 > Reproductive > Flashcards

Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Purpose of the male reproductive system

A

produce, maintain, and transfer sperm and semen into the female reproductive tract

produce and secrete male hormones

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2
Q

External structures of the male reproductive system

A

penis
scrotum
testes

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3
Q

Purpose of the scrotum

A

sac of skin and smooth muscle that houses the testes and keeps the testes at proper temperature for spermatogenesis

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4
Q

Produces sperm and testosterone

A

testes

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5
Q

Internal structures of the male reproductive system

A 
epididymis
vas deferens
ejaculatory ducts
urethra
seminal vesicles
prostate gland
bulbourethral glands
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6
Q

Where is sperm stored as it matures?

A

epididymis

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7
Q

Mature sperm moves from the epididymis through the ___ ___ to the ___ ___

A

vas deferens; ejaculatory duct

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8
Q

Secretes alkaline fluids with proteins and mucus into the ejaculatory duct

A

seminal vesicles

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9
Q

Secretes a milky white fluid with proteins and enzymes as part of the semen

A

Prostate gland

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10
Q

Secretes a fluid into the urethra to neutralize the acidity in the urethra

A

bulbourethral aka Cowpers gland

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11
Q

Hormones associated with the male reproductive system

A

FSH
LH
testosterone

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12
Q

FSH in males

A

stimulate spermogenesis

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13
Q

LH in males

A

stimulates testosterone production

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14
Q

testosterone in males

A

responsible for male sex characteristics

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15
Q

function of the female reproductive system

A

produce ova (oocyte or egg cells)
transfer ova to the Fallopian tubes
receive sperm from males
provide a protective, nourishing environment for developing embryo

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16
Q

External portion of female reproductive system

A

labia majora
labia minora
Bartholins glands
clitoris

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17
Q

Purpose of labia major and labia minora

A

enclose and protect the vagina

18
Q

Purpose of Bartholins glands

A

secrete a lubricating fluid

19
Q

Purpose of clitoris

A

contains erectile tissue and nerve endings for sensual pleasure

20
Q

Internal portion of female reproductive system

A

ovaries
Fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina

21
Q

Purpose of ovaries

A

female gonads; produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone

22
Q

Purpose of fallopian tubes

A

carry the mature egg towards the uterus; where fertilization typically ocurs

23
Q

Purpose of uterus

A

protects and nourishes the developing embryo until birth

24
Q

Purpose of the vagina

A

muscular tube that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body

25
Q

The female reproductive cycle is characterized by changes in both the ___ and ___ ___

A

ovaries; uterine lining (endometrium)

26
Q

The ovarian cycle has how many phases?

A

3

27
Q

What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?

A

follicular
ovulation
luteal

28
Q

What occurs during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

FSH stimulate the maturation of the follicle, which then secretes estrogen

29
Q

Function of estrogen

A

regenerate the uterine lining that was shed during mensuration

30
Q

What occurs during ovulation during the ovarian cycle?

A

release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary; induced by a surge in LH

31
Q

What occurs during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

A

begins with the formation of the corpus leteum from the remnants of the follicle

32
Q

Function of corpus leteum

A

secretes progesterone and estrogen which inhibits FSH and LH

33
Q

Which hormone maintains thickness of the endometrium

A

Progesterone

34
Q

How many phases are there in the uterine cycle?

A

3

35
Q

What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?

A

proliferative
secretory
menstrual

36
Q

What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

A

regeneration of the uterine lining

37
Q

What occurs during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

A

endometrium becomes increasingly vascular; nutrients are secreted to prepare for implantation

38
Q

What occurs during the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle?

A

endometrium is shed

only occurs if no implantation

39
Q

When a blastocyst implants in the uterine lining, it releases what hormone?

A

hCG

40
Q

Parturition is known as

A

birth

41
Q

Which feedback mechanisms is responsible for the result of birth?

A

Positive feedback mechanism

42
Q

Prolactin increases during pregnancy but is inhibited by which 2 hormones until parturition?

A

estrogen, progesterone

HESI A2 (11 decks)

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