Reproductive Flashcards
Purpose of the male reproductive system
produce, maintain, and transfer sperm and semen into the female reproductive tract
produce and secrete male hormones
External structures of the male reproductive system
penis
scrotum
testes
Purpose of the scrotum
sac of skin and smooth muscle that houses the testes and keeps the testes at proper temperature for spermatogenesis
Produces sperm and testosterone
testes
Internal structures of the male reproductive system
epididymis vas deferens ejaculatory ducts urethra seminal vesicles prostate gland bulbourethral glands
Where is sperm stored as it matures?
epididymis
Mature sperm moves from the epididymis through the ___ ___ to the ___ ___
vas deferens; ejaculatory duct
Secretes alkaline fluids with proteins and mucus into the ejaculatory duct
seminal vesicles
Secretes a milky white fluid with proteins and enzymes as part of the semen
Prostate gland
Secretes a fluid into the urethra to neutralize the acidity in the urethra
bulbourethral aka Cowpers gland
Hormones associated with the male reproductive system
FSH
LH
testosterone
FSH in males
stimulate spermogenesis
LH in males
stimulates testosterone production
testosterone in males
responsible for male sex characteristics
function of the female reproductive system
produce ova (oocyte or egg cells)
transfer ova to the Fallopian tubes
receive sperm from males
provide a protective, nourishing environment for developing embryo
External portion of female reproductive system
labia majora
labia minora
Bartholins glands
clitoris
Purpose of labia major and labia minora
enclose and protect the vagina
Purpose of Bartholins glands
secrete a lubricating fluid
Purpose of clitoris
contains erectile tissue and nerve endings for sensual pleasure
Internal portion of female reproductive system
ovaries
Fallopian tubes
uterus
vagina
Purpose of ovaries
female gonads; produce ova and secrete estrogen and progesterone
Purpose of fallopian tubes
carry the mature egg towards the uterus; where fertilization typically ocurs
Purpose of uterus
protects and nourishes the developing embryo until birth
Purpose of the vagina
muscular tube that extends from the cervix of the uterus to the outside of the body
The female reproductive cycle is characterized by changes in both the ___ and ___ ___
ovaries; uterine lining (endometrium)
The ovarian cycle has how many phases?
3
What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?
follicular
ovulation
luteal
What occurs during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
FSH stimulate the maturation of the follicle, which then secretes estrogen
Function of estrogen
regenerate the uterine lining that was shed during mensuration
What occurs during ovulation during the ovarian cycle?
release of the secondary oocyte from the ovary; induced by a surge in LH
What occurs during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?
begins with the formation of the corpus leteum from the remnants of the follicle
Function of corpus leteum
secretes progesterone and estrogen which inhibits FSH and LH
Which hormone maintains thickness of the endometrium
Progesterone
How many phases are there in the uterine cycle?
3
What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?
proliferative
secretory
menstrual
What occurs during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?
regeneration of the uterine lining
What occurs during the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?
endometrium becomes increasingly vascular; nutrients are secreted to prepare for implantation
What occurs during the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle?
endometrium is shed
only occurs if no implantation
When a blastocyst implants in the uterine lining, it releases what hormone?
hCG
Parturition is known as
birth
Which feedback mechanisms is responsible for the result of birth?
Positive feedback mechanism
Prolactin increases during pregnancy but is inhibited by which 2 hormones until parturition?
estrogen, progesterone
