GI Flashcards
Where does digestion begin?
in the mouth
Saliva contains ___ that initiate the breakdown of starch in digestion.
enzymes
Movement of food after chewing
mouth > pharynx > esophagus
3 main functions of the stomach
mixing, storing food
dissolving, degrading food via secretions
controlling passage of food into the small intestine
Where does protein digestion begin?
stomach
movement of food via the smooth muscles is called
peristalsis
absorption process beings where?
small intestines
Largest solid organ and gland
liver
Where is the liver located?
below the diaphragm on the R side of the chest
What are the 4 lobes of the liver?
R, L, quadrate, caudate lobes
What are the 5 ligaments that secure the liver to the diaphragm and abdominal wall?
falciform coronary R triangular L triangular round ligament
Nutrient rich blood is supplied to the liver via the ___ ___ ___.
hepatic portal vein
Oxygen rich blood is supplied to the liver via the ___ ___.
hepatic artery
Blood leaves the liver via the ___ ___.
hepatic veins
functions of the liver
production of bile, blood plasma protein, cholesterol storages excess glucose (glycogen) regulates amino acids process Hgb converts ammonia to urea purification of blood regulates blood clotting controls infections by boosting immune factors
Where is the pancreas located?
back of the abdomen behind the stomach
Name the 2 parts of the pancreas
Head - R, wider portion
Tail - L, narrow portion
First part of the small intestine
duodenum
Is the pancreases an endocrine or exocrine gland?
both
What is the function of the exocrine tissue of the pancreas?
secretes digestive enzymes
What is the function of the endocrine tissue of the pancreas?
secretes hormones into the blood stream
The main pancreatic duct connects the common bile duct near the ___.
duodenum
Blood is supplied to the pancreas via which 3 arteries?
splenic artery
gastroduodenal artery
superior mesenteric artery
The pancreas secretes large amounts of ___ ___ to neutralize stomach acid
sodium bicarb
___ is the secretion of the liver and is particularly useful in breaking down fat.
Bile
Where is bile stored?
Gallbladder
The lining of the intestines is covered with ___
villi
semi-liquid mass of partially digested food
chyme
the large intestine is aka the ___
colon
what is the purpose of the colon
concentrates, mixes, and stores waste material
Which system triggers an impulse int eh body toe expel waste from the rectum?
nervous
A muscle ___ at the end of the ___ is stimulated to facilitate the expelling of waste matter
sphincter; anus
Speed at which waste moves through the colon is influence by which 2 things?
volume of fiber and other undigested materials
