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HESI A2 > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What is the circulatory system responsible for?

A

internal transport or substance to and from the cells

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the circulatory system?

A

blood
blood vessels
heart

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3
Q

Circulatory system can either be ____ or _____.

A

Open or closed

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4
Q

Most animals have closed systems. What does this mean?

A

heart and blood vessels are continually connected

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5
Q

Walls of blood vessels, EXCEPT the capillaries, consist of what 3 layers?

A 
innermost tunica intima
tunica media (smooth muscle, elastic fibers)
outer tunica adventitia
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6
Q

Adult humans have about how many quarts of blood?

A

5

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7
Q

What does blood consist of?

A

RBC
WBC
Platelets
Plasma

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8
Q

Over half of the blood volume contains what?

A

Plasma

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9
Q

Plasma is mostly what?

A

water - serves as a solvent

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10
Q

Where is RBC formed?

A

bone marrow

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11
Q

Different types of WBC

A 
lymphocytes
neutrophils
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
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12
Q

Platelets are fragments of ___ ___.

A

stem cells

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13
Q

Important function of platelets

A

clotting

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14
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

4

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15
Q

Valves that separate the chambers are the ___ ___ vales.

A

AV

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16
Q

Purpose of the valves

A

keep blood moving in a single direction; prevent back flow

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17
Q

The heart contains its own circulatory system which its own coronary arteries. T or F.

A

True

18
Q

What occurs during atrial contractions?

A

blood is squeezed from the atrium through the AV valves into the ventricles

19
Q

What occurs during ventricle contraction?

A

blood is squeezed from the ventricles through the SL valves into the lungs and body

20
Q

What is knowns as the pacemaker of the heart?

A

SA node

21
Q

Where is the SA node located?

A

wall of the R atrium

22
Q

Movement of blood through the heart

A

superior vena cava > R atrium > Tricupsid valve > R ventricle > Pulmonary valve > Pulmonary artery > Lungs > Pulmonary vein > L atrium > Biscupsid/mitral valve > L ventricle > Aortic valve > Aorta > Body

23
Q

What does the circulatory system include?

A

Coronary circulation
pulmonary circulation
systemic circulation

24
Q

What is portal circulation?

A

flow of blood from the digestive system to the liver and then to the heart

25
Q

What is renal circulation?

A

flow of blood between the heart and the kidneys

26
Q

Blood exits the L ventricle through the aorta and branches into which 3 arteries?

A

carotid
common iliac
renal

27
Q

Blood returns to the heart through which 4 veins into the superior and inferior vena cavae?

A

jugular
subclavian
common iliac
renal

28
Q

What occurs in arterioles?

A

blood delivery to specific areas based on complex communication from body systems

29
Q

Describe capillary beds

A

diffusion sites for exchanges between blood and interstitial fluid

thinnest wall of any blood vessel; consist of a single layer of endothelial cells

30
Q

Capillaries merge into venues with merge with a larger diameter tubules called _____.

A

veins

31
Q

Main/major function of the lymphatic system

A

return excess tissue fluid to the blood stream

32
Q

Other functions of the lymphatic system

A

return excess fluid to blood
return proteins from the capillaries
transport fats from the digestive tract
disposal of debris and cellular waste

33
Q

The lymph vascular system consist of which 3 things?

A

lymph capillaries
lymph vessels
lymph ducts

34
Q

Lymph organs include what 7 things?

A 
lymph nodes
spleen
appendix
adenoids
thymus
tonsils
small patches of tissue in the small intestines
35
Q

Lymph nodes contain what 2 things?

A

lymphocytes

plasma cells

36
Q

Function of the spleen

A 
filters blood (rid of waste)
stores RBC and macrophages (help flights infection)
37
Q

Function of thymus

A

secretes hormones

major site of lymphocyte production

38
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A

LUQ; behind the stomach, immediately below the diaphragm

39
Q

What is the spleen made of?

A

lymphoid tissue

40
Q

Blood vessels are connected to the spleen by ___ ____.

A

splenic sinuses

41
Q

Which peritoneal pigments support the spleen?

A

gastrolienal ligament
lienorenal ligament
phrenicocolic ligament

HESI A2 (11 decks)

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