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HESI A2 > Neuro > Flashcards

Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Messages are sent across the plasma membrane of neurons through a process called ___ ___.

A

action potential

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2
Q

When does action potential occur?

A

when a neuron is stimulated past a necessary threshold

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3
Q

When action potential occurs in a sequence from the stimulation point from one neuron to another, its point of contact is called a ___ ___.

A

chemical synapse

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4
Q

What are the 3 general function type of neurons are…

A

sensory neurons
motor neurons
interneurons

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5
Q

What to sensory neurons do?

A

transmit signals to the CNS from sensory receptors associated with touch, pain, temperature, hearing ,sight, smell, and taste

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6
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

transmit signals to the CNS to the rest of the body by signaling muscles or glands to respond

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7
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

transmit signals between neurons

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8
Q

What are the 3 basic parts of a neuron?

A

cell body
axon
many dendrites

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9
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

receive impulses from sensory receptors or interneurons and transmit them towards the cell body

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10
Q

What does the cell body (soma) contain?

A

nucleus of the neurons

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11
Q

What does the axon do?

A

transmits the impulses away from the cell body

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12
Q

What is the axon insulated by?

A

Oligodendrocytes and myeline sheath with gaps known as the nodes of Ranvier

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13
Q

Where does the axon terminate?

A

synpase

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14
Q

What are the 2 primary components of the CNS?

A

spinal cord

brain

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15
Q

The spinal cord is encased in the bony structure of the ___

A

vertebrae

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16
Q

The brain consists of which 3 things?

A

hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain

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17
Q

The hindbrain includes which 4 things?

A

medulla
oblongata
cerebellum
pons

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18
Q

What does the midbrain do?

A

integrates sensory signals and orchestrates responses to these signals

19
Q

The forebrain includes which 3 things?

A

cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus

20
Q

What is the cerebral cortex?

A

thin layer of gray matter covering cerebrum

21
Q

The brain is divided into ___ hemispheres and ___ lobes.

A

2 hemispheres; 4 lobes

22
Q

What are the 4 main lobes?

A

frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal

23
Q

Where is the frontal lobe? What is its function?

A

front of the brain

short term, working memory; information processing; decision making, planning, judgement

24
Q

Where is the parietal lobe? What is its function?

A

towards the back, at the top

sensory input; spatial positioning of the body

25
Q

Where is the occipital lobe? What is its function?

A

back of the head, just above the brainstem

visual input, processing, output; nerves from the eye

26
Q

Where is the temporal lobe? What is its function?

A

L, R side of the brains

auditory input, processing and output

27
Q

Role of the cerebellum

A

processing and storing implicit memories

28
Q

The posterior area of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord is known as the ___ ___.

A

brain stem

29
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

30
Q

The brain stem is an important part of which 3 systems?

A

respiratory
digestive
circulatory

31
Q

What are the 3 parts of the midbrain?

A

tectum
tegmentum
ventral tegmentum

32
Q

The midbrain is important for which 2 senses?

A

vision

hearing

33
Q

Piece of the brain stem that connects the spinal cord to the brain

A

medulla oblongata

34
Q

The medulla oblongata plays an important role in the autonomic nervous system in the ___ and ___ system

A

circulatory, respiratory

35
Q

The parasympathetic nerves control what?

A

basic bodily function

36
Q

The peripheral nervous system includes sympathetic nerves that trigger which response?

A

fight or flight

37
Q

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains what is the body?

A

homeostasis

38
Q

The ANS controls the function of what?

A

internal organs, blood vessels, smooth muscle tissue, glands

39
Q

The hypothalamus controls the ANS through the ___ ___.

A

brain stem

40
Q

The ANS is divided into what 2 divisions?

A

sympathetic nervous system

parasympathetic nervous system

41
Q

The somatic nervous system controls ___ ___ and ___ ___ of skeletal muscle.

A

5 senses; voluntary muscle

42
Q

Signals from the CNS to the sensory organs and muscles

A

Efferent nerves

43
Q

Signals from the sensory organs and the muscles to the CNS

A

Afferent nerves

44
Q

Simplest act of the nervous system, an automatic response without an conscious thought be stimulated

A

Reflex

HESI A2 (11 decks)

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