Neuro Flashcards
Messages are sent across the plasma membrane of neurons through a process called ___ ___.
action potential
When does action potential occur?
when a neuron is stimulated past a necessary threshold
When action potential occurs in a sequence from the stimulation point from one neuron to another, its point of contact is called a ___ ___.
chemical synapse
What are the 3 general function type of neurons are…
sensory neurons
motor neurons
interneurons
What to sensory neurons do?
transmit signals to the CNS from sensory receptors associated with touch, pain, temperature, hearing ,sight, smell, and taste
What do motor neurons do?
transmit signals to the CNS to the rest of the body by signaling muscles or glands to respond
What do interneurons do?
transmit signals between neurons
What are the 3 basic parts of a neuron?
cell body
axon
many dendrites
What do dendrites do?
receive impulses from sensory receptors or interneurons and transmit them towards the cell body
What does the cell body (soma) contain?
nucleus of the neurons
What does the axon do?
transmits the impulses away from the cell body
What is the axon insulated by?
Oligodendrocytes and myeline sheath with gaps known as the nodes of Ranvier
Where does the axon terminate?
synpase
What are the 2 primary components of the CNS?
spinal cord
brain
The spinal cord is encased in the bony structure of the ___
vertebrae
The brain consists of which 3 things?
hindbrain
midbrain
forebrain
The hindbrain includes which 4 things?
medulla
oblongata
cerebellum
pons
What does the midbrain do?
integrates sensory signals and orchestrates responses to these signals
The forebrain includes which 3 things?
cerebrum
thalamus
hypothalamus
What is the cerebral cortex?
thin layer of gray matter covering cerebrum
The brain is divided into ___ hemispheres and ___ lobes.
2 hemispheres; 4 lobes
What are the 4 main lobes?
frontal
parietal
occipital
temporal
Where is the frontal lobe? What is its function?
front of the brain
short term, working memory; information processing; decision making, planning, judgement
Where is the parietal lobe? What is its function?
towards the back, at the top
sensory input; spatial positioning of the body
Where is the occipital lobe? What is its function?
back of the head, just above the brainstem
visual input, processing, output; nerves from the eye
Where is the temporal lobe? What is its function?
L, R side of the brains
auditory input, processing and output
Role of the cerebellum
processing and storing implicit memories
The posterior area of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord is known as the ___ ___.
brain stem
What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?
midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata
The brain stem is an important part of which 3 systems?
respiratory
digestive
circulatory
What are the 3 parts of the midbrain?
tectum
tegmentum
ventral tegmentum
The midbrain is important for which 2 senses?
vision
hearing
Piece of the brain stem that connects the spinal cord to the brain
medulla oblongata
The medulla oblongata plays an important role in the autonomic nervous system in the ___ and ___ system
circulatory, respiratory
The parasympathetic nerves control what?
basic bodily function
The peripheral nervous system includes sympathetic nerves that trigger which response?
fight or flight
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains what is the body?
homeostasis
The ANS controls the function of what?
internal organs, blood vessels, smooth muscle tissue, glands
The hypothalamus controls the ANS through the ___ ___.
brain stem
The ANS is divided into what 2 divisions?
sympathetic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
The somatic nervous system controls ___ ___ and ___ ___ of skeletal muscle.
5 senses; voluntary muscle
Signals from the CNS to the sensory organs and muscles
Efferent nerves
Signals from the sensory organs and the muscles to the CNS
Afferent nerves
Simplest act of the nervous system, an automatic response without an conscious thought be stimulated
Reflex
