Reproduction In Humun Flashcards
Ovuary
Produces ova and release female sex hormone (oestrogen)
Fallopian tube(oviduct)
Site of fertilization
Uterus(womb) muscle
Contract at birth to expel the baby
Uterus lining
Site of implantation
Cervix
Dilates at birth
Vagina
Organ of copulation (sperm deposition)
Testis
Priduces sperms and produce testosterone horomone
Scortum
Keep testes outside the abdominal cavity،at lower temperature than body which is essential for making sperm
Epiderm
Stores sperm
Sperm duct
Carries sperm from testies to urethra
Urethera
Passes out urine or semen
Seminal vesicles
Secrets the seminal fluid
Prostate gland
Their secretion makes the semen alkaline to neturlize acidity of urethra
Fertilization
Fusion of male and female gametes to produce a diploid zygote
Where ova product and by what type of division
In ovary by meiosis
Where sperm produce and what type of division and when
Testies by meiosis at puberty
Where and when follicle stimulation hormone release
Release from pituitary gland in beginning of the cycle
Where oestrogen release
Release from the ovary and follicle
Role of oestrogen
It stimulates the repair of the walls of the uterus
Stop release of fsh by negative feedback
Sitmulates release of LH
Where and when leutinzing hormone release
Pituitary gland
At day 13
Role of leutinizing hormone
1.Stimulate the release of ova into the oviduct(ovulation)
2.Sitmulate the change of the follicle into corpus lutenum
Where Progesterone releare
Release from the corpus litenum
Role of progesterone
Support and maintain the walls of urterus
Role of follicle stimulation
Stimulates the maturation of a folicle in the ovary and release of oestrogen
Structure of sperm and its function
Head (acrosone produce enzyme to digest wall of ova,nucleus)
Body (large number of mitochondria to provide energy for movement (aerobic respiration),tail for swimming
How fertilization happen in humuns
Happen after sexual intercourse,sperm swim by their tail from vagina through cervix,uterus, oviduct where sperm find ovum,acrosone produce enzymes to digest wall of ova,first sperm that reaches to cell membrane of ova enter nucleus, both nuclie fuse together form diploid nucleus in oviduct,jelly and cell membrane harden to prevent other sperm from entering
How sperm respire
Take glucose from semen respire and produce energy for swimming
Which one is bigger ova or sperm
Ova
How implantation happen
Zygote does cell division call mitosis, devolp into embyro,embyro go down to uterus by perstalisis to be implant in uterus lining,when embyro devolp and form into its organ at end of third month devolp into fetus
What type of division does zygote do to devolp into embyro
Mitosis
What mean implantation
Entry of embyro in uterus lining
What mean a zygote
1 cell formed after fertilization
What mean an embyro
Ball of cells
Importance of placenta
1.gasexchange:oxgyeb diffuse from mom’s blood to fetus blood,carbondioxide diffuse from fetal blood to mom’s blood
2.nutrtion:nutrients like glucose and ammino acid go to fetal blood through placenta
3.excertion:waste product diffuse from fetal blood to mom’s blood
Secrete ostergone and progosterone hormone
4.prevent mixing mom’s blood with fetal blood
Importance of progesterone and osterogene hormone
1.maintain line of uterus to support fetus
2.sitmulate forming milk produce tissue in breast
3.stop release of FSH and LH during pregnancy to prevent ovualtion
What is the umbilical cord
Attach fetus to placenta and has artery and vien
Function of umbilical cord
Carries oxygen,glucose,amminoacid,fattyacid,glycerol,antibodies from placenta to fetus through umbilical vien
Carries carbondioxide،urea from fetus to placenta through umbilical artery
Importance of amniotic fluid
Protect fetus from mechanical shock
Support fetus
Give sterile warm environment
Allow fetus for movment
Where is amniotic fluid
Amnion
What purpose pf not mixing mum’s blood with baby blood
Prevent infection ,protect baby from blood agglutination (mom’s blood has different blood group)
Function of testosterone
Sperm devolpment
Sex drive
Secondary sexually characteristics
Why operation of cutting sperm duct more common than operation of cutting oviducts in females
As it’s safer and testes outside
Explain how one type of molecule from the mother helps to protect the fetus from infection
Antibodies from mother bind to antigen kill bacteria
Suggest function of acrosome
Produce enzymes that digest wall of ova that allow nucleus to enter for fusion
