Inheritance Flashcards
What is meant by genome
Whole dna inside organism
Gene
Specific length that’s codes for ones protien
What is meant by alleles
Different forms of one gene
Domiant alleles
Alleles that apear on phenotypes
What is meant by recessive allele
Doesn’t appear in phenotype if domaint is present
What is mean by phenotypes
Outer appearance of organism
What is meant genotypes
Allele inside an organism
What is meant by homozygote
Have 2 same allele
What is meant by heterozygous
Mixture of dominated and recessive alleles
What is meant by chromosome
Structure in nucleus made of dna and protien
What is meant by monohybrid inheritance
When a phenotype or trait is controlled by single gene
What is meant by codominace
Is a case when neither of the two alleles is dominant over the other
Possible genotypes for blood group a
A A or A O
Possible genotypes for blood group B
B B or B O
Possible genotypes for blood group AB
A B
Possible genotypes for blood group O
O O
Number of chromosomes in a human in each somatic cell?
46 chromosomes
Diploid
Cell or nucleus that has 2 sets of chromosome
Hapoloid defintion
Cell or nucleus that has 1 set of chromosome (half number)
Examples of diploid cell
Liver cell,muscle cell ,plaside cell
Example of codominace?
Inheritance of blood group
What is the function by a family pedigree?
Used to trace the pattern of inheritance of specific characteristic through generations of a family
Name the DNA and describe it
It’s deoxyribonucleic acid and its a molecule made of 2 strands coiled to form a double helix
Nucleotide of DNA made of what?
Made of 5 carbon sugar, phospate group and nitrogenous base
Mention the nitrogenous bases of DNA
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine
In DNA how 2 strands are held together?
Held by base pairing
Say which nitrogenuous bases pair together at DNA
Adenine pair with thymine,cytosine pair with guanine
Compare between RNA and DNA
RNA made of single strand of nucleotides but DNA is double stranded ,RNA is ribonucliec acid but DNA is deoxyribonuclec acidp
RNA nucleotides made of what?
Made of ribose sugar,phosphate group,nitrogenous base
What are the nitrogenous bases of RNA
Adenine,uracil,cytosine,guanine
Function of RNA
It takes information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes for the synthesises of protien
2 types of RNA
Messenger RNA mRNA
Transfer RNA tRNA
Function of mRNA?
Form a copy from the DNA code
What is meant by transfer RNA
Carries amino acid to the ribosomes to form the protien
What are the 2 stages of protien synthesis
Transcription
Translation
Describe the process of transcription
.Takes place at nucleus
.Part of DNA double helix unwind and expose the bases along the strand
.The sequence of bases of DNA is copied to mRNA molecule
.The mRNA leaves the DNA and passes out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm
Describe process of translation
.Translation takes place at the ribosomes
.coded consist of sets of 3 bases in mRNA
.mRNA attach to the ribosome
.tRNA molecule with anticodon complementary to the codon on mRNA molecule carry its specific ammino.acid to ribosome
.another tRNA bring along a second ammino acid
.ammino acid bind together and process continues adding ammino acid to growing chain form polypeptide chain
What are the 3 bases in mRNA call (triplets)?
Codon
