Reproduction in humans

Question 1

Identify the parts of the male reproductive system

Answer 1

Question 2

Identify the parts of the female reproductive system

Answer 2

Question 3

Describe what happens to boys during puberty

Answer 3

Sex organs get bigger
Testes start to produce sperm and hormones
Pubic hair grows
Hair grows on face, chest and armpits
Voice deepens

Question 4

Describe what happens to girls during puberty

Answer 4

Ovaries start to release eggs
Ovaries produce hormones
Pubic hair grows
Menstruation starts
Breasts develop

Question 5

Explain the role of sperm in human reproduction

Answer 5

Sperm are the male sex cells also called gametes
They are made in the testes
Sperm mixed with a liquid makes semen
Semen is ejaculated from the penis during intercourse

Question 6

Explain the role of an egg in human reproduction

Answer 6

Eggs (ovum) are the female sex cells also called gametes
Girls are born with all of their eggs but they are not released until puberty
One of the ovaries releases an egg once every 28 days
It passes down the fallopian tube into the uterus
If it isn’t fertilised by a sperm it will die after a day and pass out of the vagina

Question 7

Hormones can cause two types of changes during puberty , identfy them

Answer 7

1 Physical
2.Emotional

Question 8

What is the period of time called between 10 and 18.

Answer 8

Adolescence

Question 9

Describe stage 1 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 9

Starts on day 1 of the cycle
The lining of the uterus breaks down
Bleeding starts
The lining and a small amount of blood pass out of the vagina
Called a period

Question 10

Describe stage 2 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 10

The lining of the uterus starts to build back up again ready for an egg to implant.
It becomes thicker and turns into a spongy layer full of blood vessels.

Question 11

Describe stage 14 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 11

An egg is released from the ovary- called ovulation
A female is most likely to become pregnant around this time.

Question 12

Describe stage 28 of the menstrual cycle

Answer 12

The uterus wall remains thick until this time awaiting a fertilised egg.

Question 13

How long is an average menstrual cycle?

Answer 13

28 days

Question 14

What age does menstruation start in females?

Answer 14

Usually between the ages of 10 and 17.

Question 15

How is an egg fertilised?

Answer 15

Sexual intercourse results in millions of sperm being ejaculated into the vagina
The sperm swim up through the cervix and through the uterus to the fallopian tubes where they may find an egg
If the head of a sperm pushes its way into the egg then the nuclei fuse and the egg is fertilised.

Question 16

Describe what happens to a fertilised egg (zygote)

Answer 16

A zygote divides over and over
Once it has 32 cells it is called an embryo
The embryo travels into the uterus where it embeds into the thicken wall
A placenta starts to develop
When a fertilised egg has implanted a pregnancy has begun

Question 17

Explain the importance of the placenta in pregnancy

Answer 17

The placenta is an organ which is attached to the wall of the uterus
The embryo/foetus is attached to the placenta by the umbilical cord
The placenta allows the blood of the foetus and the mother to get very close together and so nutrients and oxygen can pass through and waste products such as carbon dioxide can pass out

Question 18

Describe the role of the amniotic sac in pregnancy

Answer 18

It encompasses the foetus and is joined to the placenta
It contains amniotic fluid
The amniotic fluid protects the foetus against bumps and knocks