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ISEB Biology for IZZY > Plant and animal cells > Flashcards

Plant and animal cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of an animal cell ?

A

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus,
Mitochondria.

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2
Q

What are the characteristics of a plant cell ?

A

Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Vacuole

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3
Q

Identify the differences in the characteristics between a plant cell and an animal cell ?

A

they both have a
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondria
but only a plant cell has
cell wall
vacuole
chloroplasts

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4
Q

Identify some specialised cells.

A

red blood cells
root hair cell
sperm cell
egg cell
ciliated epithelial cell
pollen cell
palisade cell
nerve cell
bacteria cell

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5
Q

Identify two characteristics of a red blood cell.

A

they do not have a nucleus
biconcave shape to allow more oxygen to absorb into them

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6
Q

How is the structure of a red blood cell specialised for its its function

A

They are biconcave to give a large surface area for the diffusion of oxygen
They do not need a nucleus to carry genetic information
They contain haemoglobin which combines with oxygen and is carried by them the blood.

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7
Q

Where are root hair cells found ?

A

on the roots of plants.

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8
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell ?

A

to absorb lots of water.

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9
Q

What is this cell

A

A root hair cell

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10
Q

What is a sperm cell ?

A

the male gamete.

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11
Q

State two characteristics of a sperm cell.

A

a tail to help them swim.
lots of mitochondria to give them energy to swim.

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12
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell ?

A

to carry genetic material to the egg cell.

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13
Q

what is an egg cell ?

A

the female gamete.

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14
Q

identify two characteristics of an egg cell.

A

its the biggest animal cell
it contains half of a nucleus (which can be completed by the nucleus of the sperm cell.)

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15
Q

what does an egg cell contain ?

A

genetic material.

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16
Q

where are ciliated epithelial cells found ?

A

in the trachea.

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17
Q

identify one characteristic of a ciliated epithelial cell .

A

they have little hair like structures called cilia which move dust and germs up to the throat where we cough them out..

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18
Q

name one characteristic of a pollen cell

A

it has a hard and protective outer coat to survive bad conditions.

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19
Q

what is the function of the palisade cell ?

A

to capture as much light as possible to enable photosynthesis to occur.

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20
Q

identify a characteristic of a palisade cell

A

it has a large surface area.

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21
Q

what is the function of a nerve cell ?

A

to carry information as electrical impulses between the brain and other body parts such as the heart and muscles

22
Q

identify a characteristic of a nerve cell .

A

they have a long thread like part that is called an axon.

23
Q

what is a characteristic of bacteria cells ?

A

they grow and multiply very rapidly.

24
Q

what kills bacteria cells ?

A

antibiotics

25
Q

Name the cell structures in the animal cell.

A

A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) cell membrane
D) mitochondria

26
Q

Name the cell structures in a plant cell.

A

A) nucleus
B) cytoplasm
C) cell membrane
D) mitochondria
E) cell wall
F) vacuole
G) chloroplasts

27
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

It is the control centre of the cell
It contains genes which are sections of DNA
The genes control the production of proteins in the cell.

28
Q

What is the cytoplasm ?

A

A jelly like substance where most chemical reactions in a cell takes place.

29
Q

What is the cell membrane ?

A

A thin skin around the cell.
It holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.

30
Q

What are mitochondria ?

A

Tiny structures inside the cell where most reactions for aerobic respiration takes place.
Respiration releases energy for the cell.

31
Q

What is the cell wall ?

A

A rigid outer coating made of cellulose which supports the cell .
They are found in plant cells not animal cells

32
Q

What is the vacuole ?

A

It is found in plant cells and is a space filled with cell sap which is a weak solution of sugar and salts.

33
Q

What are the chloroplasts ?

A

They contain chlorophyll which is used for photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis makes food for the plant.

34
Q

Name these parts of the microscope.

A

A) eyepiece lens- the bit you look down
B) objective lens - the second lenses, often more than one magnification, on a rotatable plate
C) stage the part where a slide is placed
D) Mirror, reflects light back up through the slide and the lenses to the eye
E) rough focusing knob
F) fine focusing knob

35
Q

what is a cell ?

A

the basic building block of living things.

36
Q

what do a group of cells make ?

A

tissue

37
Q

what is a tissue ?

A

a group of the same type of cells doing the same job.

38
Q

what do a group of tissues make ?

A

an organ

39
Q

what is an organ ?

A

a group of tissues working together.

40
Q

what is a group of organs called ?

A

organ system

41
Q

what is an organ system ?

A

a group of organs working together .

42
Q

what is an organism ?

A

the scientific name for a living thing.

43
Q

how do you prepare a slide with onion cells for viewing under a microscope?

A

take small sample of onion cells
place on microscope slide
use pipette to add drop of iodine to sample
place cover slip over sample with mounting needle (careful to avoid air bubbles)

44
Q

What is diffusion?

A

how substances move in and out of cells

45
Q

Diffusion is where a substance moves from an area of ________ concentration to an area of _________ concentration.

A

high
low

46
Q

name 2 things animal and plant cells need to survive

A

glucose
oxygen

46
Q

name a waste product animal and plant cells need to get rid of

A

carbon dioxide

46
Q

where in the cell does diffusion take place?

A

cell membrane

46
Q

what do cells need for aerobic respiration?

A

oxygen

46
Q

in humans, what carries oxygen and glucose to the cells?

A

blood

46
Q

in humans, oxygen and glucose diffuse out of the ________ and into the ________

A

blood
cells

46
Q

in photosynthesis, carbon dioxide moves into the leaf by _______

A

diffusion

ISEB Biology for IZZY (12 decks)

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