Breathing in humans Flashcards
Where does the exchange of gases happen ?
Mainly in the lungs and the muscles
What is the name of the muscles that pull the ribs up when you breathe in ?
intercostal muscles .
When you breathe in what happens to the diaphragm ?
It moves down which increases the volume in the thoracic cavity.
This decreases the air pressure in the lungs causing air to flow in
As you breathe in what happens to the volume of the chest ?
It increases due to the ribs moving up and outwards and the diaphragm moving down
What is it called when air fills the lungs ?
inspiration
Describe what happens to the diaphragm when you breathe out ?
It relaxes and moves up to it’s resting position
Describe the movement of the ribs during expiration
They move down because the intercostal muscles relax
What is it called when air rushes out of the lungs ?
expiration
Where specifically in the lungs does gas exchange take place ?
alveoli
Name these parts of the gas exchange system.
A) trachea
B) alveoli
C) bronchiole
D) right bronchus
Name these parts of the gas exchange system .
E) ribs
F) intercostal muscles
G) diaphragm
H) heart
What diffuses through the membranes of the alveoli?
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
What does the oxygen that diffuses through the membranes of the alveoli diffuse into?
Bloodstream
What does the oxygen in the blood stream bind onto?
The haemoglobin in the red blood cells
Which body system transports the oxygen to all the body tissues?
Circulatory system
What do cells use oxygen for?
They are used with glucose in respiration to provide cells with energy
What are the waste products of respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
How does carbon dioxide leave the body?
It dissolves into the blood as a waste product of respiration and is transported to the lungs where it diffuses out of the blood and is then breathed out
How are the lungs well adapted for gas exchange?
1) they have a large blood supply of thin walled capillaries to allow gaseous exchange
2) the caplillaries have thin walls which allows gases diffuse through easily
3) the walls are moist to help the gases diffuse through them
4) the lungs have a lot of alveoli which give them a large surface area for diffusion
Explain the dangers of smoking
- Particles in smoke irritate the lining of the airways causing inflammation
- Smoke damage can cause emphysema (em fa seem a) which destroys the alveoli making the surface area of the lungs smaller, this makes it hard to breathe.
- Carcinogens in the tar from cigarettes cause cancers in the lungs, throat and mouth
- Smoking increases the risk of heart disease.
