Breathing in humans

Question 1

Where does the exchange of gases happen ?

Answer 1

Mainly in the lungs and the muscles

Question 2

What is the name of the muscles that pull the ribs up when you breathe in ?

Answer 2

intercostal muscles .

Question 3

When you breathe in what happens to the diaphragm ?

Answer 3

It moves down which increases the volume in the thoracic cavity.
This decreases the air pressure in the lungs causing air to flow in

Question 4

As you breathe in what happens to the volume of the chest ?

Answer 4

It increases due to the ribs moving up and outwards and the diaphragm moving down

Question 5

What is it called when air fills the lungs ?

Answer 5

inspiration

Question 6

Describe what happens to the diaphragm when you breathe out ?

Answer 6

It relaxes and moves up to it’s resting position

Question 7

Describe the movement of the ribs during expiration

Answer 7

They move down because the intercostal muscles relax

Question 8

What is it called when air rushes out of the lungs ?

Answer 8

expiration

Question 9

Where specifically in the lungs does gas exchange take place ?

Answer 9

alveoli

Question 10

Name these parts of the gas exchange system.

Answer 10

A) trachea
B) alveoli
C) bronchiole
D) right bronchus

Question 11

Name these parts of the gas exchange system .

Answer 11

E) ribs
F) intercostal muscles
G) diaphragm
H) heart

Question 12

What diffuses through the membranes of the alveoli?

Answer 12

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Question 13

What does the oxygen that diffuses through the membranes of the alveoli diffuse into?

Answer 13

Bloodstream

Question 14

What does the oxygen in the blood stream bind onto?

Answer 14

The haemoglobin in the red blood cells

Question 15

Which body system transports the oxygen to all the body tissues?

Answer 15

Circulatory system

Question 16

What do cells use oxygen for?

Answer 16

They are used with glucose in respiration to provide cells with energy

Question 17

What are the waste products of respiration?

Answer 17

Carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

How does carbon dioxide leave the body?

Answer 18

It dissolves into the blood as a waste product of respiration and is transported to the lungs where it diffuses out of the blood and is then breathed out

Question 19

How are the lungs well adapted for gas exchange?

Answer 19

1) they have a large blood supply of thin walled capillaries to allow gaseous exchange
2) the caplillaries have thin walls which allows gases diffuse through easily
3) the walls are moist to help the gases diffuse through them
4) the lungs have a lot of alveoli which give them a large surface area for diffusion

Question 20

Explain the dangers of smoking

Answer 20

1. Particles in smoke irritate the lining of the airways causing inflammation
2. Smoke damage can cause emphysema (em fa seem a) which destroys the alveoli making the surface area of the lungs smaller, this makes it hard to breathe.
3. Carcinogens in the tar from cigarettes cause cancers in the lungs, throat and mouth
4. Smoking increases the risk of heart disease.