Inheritance Classification and Variation Flashcards
Identify the five kingdoms
plants
animals
fungi
monerans
protists
Identify the main characteristics of plants ?
they are fixed in the ground so can not move around.
they make their own food.
Identify the main characteristics of animals ?
they can move around.
they can not make their own food.
Identify the main characteristics of fungi ?
can not move around
does not make there own food.
Identify the characteristics of monerans ?
single celled organism.
do not have a nucleus e.g bacteria.
Identify the characteristics of protists ?
single celled organism.
DO have a nucleus E.g amoeba
what is an invertebrate ?
an organism with no back bone .
what is a vertebrate ?
an organism with a back bone .
what are characteristics of arthropods ?
many pairs of jointed legs
bodies divided into segments
they have a hard exoskeleton
what are characteristics of insects ?
they have
6 legs
3 part body
2 pairs of wings
1 pair of antennae
what are characteristics of arachnids ?
they have
8 legs
2 part body
no wings
no antennae
e.g spider
what are the 5 groups of vertebrates ?
B FARM
birds
fish
amphibians
reptiles
mammals
what are characteristics of mammals ?
give birth to live young
warm blooded
suckle young on milk
have lungs
fur or hair
what are characteristics of birds ?
lay eggs on land
have feathers
have wings
warm blooded
what are characteristics of fish ?
lay eggs in water
scaly skin
have gills and fins
cold blooded
what are characteristics of amphibians ?
lay eggs in water
smooth most skin
cold blooded
what are characteristics of reptiles ?
lay eggs on land
dry scales
cold blooded
which two groups can plants be divided into ?
flowering
and non flowering
what are characteristics of flowering plants ?
have flowers for pollination
and fruits that surround seeds.
What is DNA?
It is a list of instructions on how to replicate a cell
Where is the DNA found?
In the chromosomes which are in the nucleus of the cell
What is a gene?
It is a short piece of a chromosome which contains some of the DNA
A gene controls the production of proteins in cells
Genes determine specific characteristics eg hair colour, eye colour
What percentage of genes come from each of the parents in a zygote
A zygote gets 50% (half) of it’s genes from each parent.
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA
Where are chromosomes found?
In the nucleus of a cell
When the nucleus of a male and a female gamete (sex cell) fuse together it is known as ?
Fertilisation
Describe selective breeding
Where humans try to breed varieties of animals of plants with specific characteristics
eg larger size, higher yield or better disease resistance
Give another word for variation
Differences
Variation between species is very obvious due to?
The fact that they have very different genes.
Eg a cow and a tree
What does variation within a species mean?
That although the genes are similar there are some differences in colouring, size etc
Eg cows come in a variety of colours and sizes
What is continuous variation within a species?
Where the characteristic you are looking at has a measurement within a range and you could plot the results from a group on a chart
eg height or skin colour
What is discontinuous variation within a species?
Where the characteristic only has certain values
Best example is blood groups in humans
They can only be A B AB or O
What is inherited variation?
The characteristics of the offspring are a combination from both parents as our genes come 50% form each.
What is environmental variation?
Characteristics can be affected by environment as well as inheritance.
Eg two tomato plants have the same inherited characteristics but if one is grown in warmer conditions with better nutrition it will produce more tomatoes.
Or with identical twins if one eats a lot more they will be heavier.
Identify 4 characteristics which are only inherited and are not affected by environment at all
Hair colour
Eye colour
Inherited diseases
Blood group
Identify 4 environmental factors which can affect the growth of plants
1.Temperature
2. Sunlight
3. Moisture
4. Soil conditions
